Table 4.
Reproduction and life table parameters (Mean ± SE) of Imidacloprid susceptible (SS) and resistant (ImR) Aphis gossypii.
| Parameters a | SS (Mean ± SE) | ImR (Mean ± SE) |
|---|---|---|
| R0 (offspring/individual) | 43.85 ± 2.75 a | 32.43 ± 2.49 b |
| r (day−1) | 0.2673 ± 0.0044 a | 0.2333 ± 0.0053 b |
| λ (day−1) | 1.3065 ± 0.0057 a | 1.2628 ± 0.0067 b |
| T (days) | 14.14 ± 0.18 b | 14.91 ± 0.27 a |
| F (nymphs/female) | 46.16 ± 2.37 a | 35.05 ± 2.19 b |
| RPd(days) | 17.63 ± 0.78 a | 13.97 ± 0.80 b |
| TPRP (days) | 6.79 ± 0.13 b | 8.00 ± 0.24 a |
Standard errors were estimated using the bootstrap technique with 100,000 resampling. The difference was compared using the paired bootstrap test (p < 0.05). The means within a row followed by different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the treatments. a R0 = net reproductive rate; r = intrinsic rate of increase; λ = finite rate of increase; T = mean generation time; F = fecundity; RPd = reproductive days; TPRP = total prereproductive period.