Figure 4.
Expression of pro-inflammatory interleukins obtained by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR): (A) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); (B) interleukin-8 (IL-8); (C) interleukin-17A (IL-17A); and (D) interleukin-23 (IL-23). Negative control (control −), positive (control +), treatment with reference drug (Ibuprofen gel), treatment with D. peruviana EO. Results are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). Statistically significant difference: * = p < 0.05, *** = p < 0.001.