Table 3.
Characteristics of eligible studies. Clinical manifestations, localization, the evolution of lesions, and treatment of monkeypox cases.
| Authors | Number of Patients (n) | Clinical Manifestations | Localization of Skin Lesions | Antiviral Treatment | Route of Administration | Associated Adverse Effects | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adler H, et al. [18] | 1 | Skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, fever, and night sweats | Face, scalp, trunk, limbs, palms, glans penis, and scrotum |
Brincidofovir 200 mg (one dose) |
Oral | Transaminitis | Full recovery |
| 2 | Skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, fever, and groin swelling | Face, trunk, limbs, palms, soles, and scrotum |
Brincidofovir 200 mg (two doses) |
Oral | Transaminitis | Full recovery | |
| 3 | Skin lesions and coryzal illness | Face, trunk, hands (including nail bed), and labia majora |
Brincidofovir 200 mg (two doses) |
Oral | Transaminitis, nausea, and abdominal discomfort |
Full recovery | |
| 4 | Skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, fever, and headache | Face, scalp, trunk, limbs, penile shaft, palms, and soles |
None | None | None | Full recovery | |
| 5 | Skin lesions and lymphadenopathy | Face, trunk, limbs, palms, and penile shaft |
None | None | None | Full recovery | |
| 6 | Skin lesions and lymphadenopathy | Face, trunk, arms, and legs |
None | None | None | Full recovery | |
| 7 | Skin lesions | Face, trunk, arms, and hands |
Tecovirimat 600 mg twice daily for 2 weeks |
Oral | None | Full recovery | |
| Desai AN, et al. [19] | 25 | Skin lesions (n = 25), fever (n = 19), lymphadenopathy (n = 13), headache (n = 8), fatigue (n = 7), sore throat (n = 5), chills (n = 5), back pain (n = 3), myalgia (n = 2), nausea (n = 1), and diarrhea (n = 1). | Genital and/or perianal (n = 23), chest (n = 9), arms (n = 13), back (n = 8), face (n = 7), and legs (n = 6). | Tecovirimat every 8 or 12 h for 2 weeks (n = 25) | Oral | Fatigue (n = 7), headache (n = 5), nausea (n = 4), itching (n = 2), and diarrhea (n = 2) | Full recovery |
| Matias WR, et al. [20] | 1 | Skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, fever, chills, and general malaise. | Penis, pubis, and arm | Tecovirimat 600 mg twice daily for 2 weeks |
Oral | Transaminitis, headache | Full recovery |
| 2 | Skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, fever, chills, myalgias, left tonsillar pain, and odynophagia | Forearms and hands | Tecovirimat 600 mg twice daily for 2 weeks |
Oral | Liquid stools | Full recovery | |
| 3 | Skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, malaise, and subjective fevers | Penis, chest, and arm | Tecovirimat 600 mg twice daily for 2 weeks |
Oral | None | Full recovery | |
| Thornhill JP, et al. [1] | 528 | Rash or skin lesions (n = 500), fever (n = 330), lymphadenopathy (n = 295), lethargy or exhaustion (n = 216), myalgia (n = 165), headache (n = 145), pharyngitis (n = 113), low mood (n = 54), and proctitis or anorectal pain (n = 75). | Anogenital area (n = 383), trunk or limbs (n = 292), face (n = 134), palms or soles (n = 51), and mucosal lesions (n = 217). | Cidofovir (n = 12), tecovirimat (n = 8), vaccinia immune globulin (n = 1) | Oral and parenteral | NR | Full recovery |
| Moschese D, et al. [21] | 1 | Skin lesions, fever, chills, sweats, and lymphadenopathy |
Nose, limb | Cidofovir 5 mg/kg day 1 and 7 | Intravenous | None | Full recovery |
| 2 | Skin lesions, fever, and lymphadenopathy | Head, limbs, and trunk | None | NR | None | Full recovery | |
| 3 | Skin lesions, fever, and lymphadenopathy | Perianal, foot, face, and arm | None | NR | None | Full recovery | |
| 4 | Skin lesions, fever, headache, and lymphadenopathy | Inguinal, penis, scrotum, and face | None | NR | None | Full recovery | |
| Rao AK, et al. [22] | 1 | Purulent rash, diarrhea, vomiting, cough, subjective fever, and fatigue | NR | Tecovirimat | Oral | None | Full recovery |
| Mailhe M, et al. [23] | 264 | Skin lesions (n = 264), lymphadenopathy (n = 174), fever (n = 171), pharyngitis (n = 51), angina (n = 41), respiratory signs (n = 31), and headaches (n = 89) | Genital area (n = 135), limbs (n = 121), trunk (n = 105), perianal (n = 100), face (n = 88), and palmoplantar area (n = 36) | Two doses of Cidofovir 5 mg/kg. (n = 1) |
Intravenous | None | Full recovery |
| Minhaj, F.S. et al. [24] | 17 | Skin lesions (n = 17), fatigue or malaise (n = 13), chills (n = 12), lymphadenopathy (n = 9), headache (n = 8), fever (n = 7), body aches (n = 6), sore throat or cough (n = 5), and sweat (n = 4). | Arm (n = 9), trunk (n = 9), legs (n = 8), face (n = 7), hands (n = 6), perianal (n = 6), oral (n = 5), neck (n = 5), genital (penis or vagina) (n = 4), and feet (n = 4). | Tecovirimat (n = 1) | Oral | None | Full recovery |
| Girometti, N. et al. [25] | 54 | Skin lesions (n = 54), Fatigue (n = 36), fever (n = 31), lymphadenopathy (n = 30), myalgia (n = 16), and sore throat (n = 11) | Genital (n = 33), perianal (n = 24), upper and lower extremities (n = 27), facial (n = 11), oropharyngeal (n = 4), and torso (n = 14) | Tecovirimat (n = 1). | Oral | None | Full recovery |
| Tarín-Vicente, E.J. et al. [26] | 181 | Skin lesions (n = 181), lymphadenopathy (n = 153), Influenza-like illness (n = 147), fever (n = 131), headache (n = 96), and sore throat (n = 66) | Genital (n = 100), perianal area (n = 66), oral ulcer (n = 45), perioral (n = 51), hands and feet (n = 108), trunk and extremities (n = 104) | Cidofovir (n = 6) | Cutaneous | None | Full recovery |
| Patel, A. et al. [27] | 197 | Mucocutaneous manifestations (n = 197), fever (n = 122), lymphadenopathy (n = 114), headache (n = 49), fatigue/lethargy (n = 46), myalgia (n = 62), arthralgia (n = 21), back pain (n = 21), and rectal pain or pain on defecation (n = 71) | Face (n = 71), trunk (n = 70), arms/legs (n = 74), hands/feet (n = 56), genitals (n = 111), anus or perianal area (n = 82), and oropharyngeal (n = 27) | Tecovirimat 600 mg twice daily for 14 days (n = 1). | Oral | None | Full recovery |
NR: No report.