Table 1.
Participant characteristics by case status among people with HIV tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 14, 2020 and November 21, 2021, Ontario, Canada.
| Test-positive cases | Test-negative controls | ||||
| N | % | N | % | SD | |
| Total | 801 | 100.0 | 8879 | 100.0 | |
| Number of COVID-19 vaccine doses (at time of test) | |||||
| 0 | 640 | 79.9 | 4635 | 52.2 | 0.61 |
| 1 | 105 | 13.1 | 1409 | 15.9 | 0.08 |
| 2 | 56 | 7.0 | 2835 | 31.9 | 0.66 |
| Age group (years) | |||||
| 19–29 | 74 | 9.2 | 656 | 7.4 | 0.07 |
| 30–39 | 193 | 24.1 | 1699 | 19.1 | 0.12 |
| 40–49 | 206 | 25.7 | 2036 | 22.9 | 0.07 |
| 50–59 | 217 | 27.1 | 2640 | 29.7 | 0.06 |
| ≥60 | 111 | 13.9 | 1848 | 20.8 | 0.18 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 586 | 73.2 | 6656 | 75.0 | 0.04 |
| Female | 215 | 26.8 | 2223 | 25.0 | 0.04 |
| Year-month of specimen collection | |||||
| 2020-12 | 63 | 7.9 | 624 | 7.0 | 0.03 |
| 2021-01 | 127 | 15.9 | 1036 | 11.7 | 0.12 |
| 2021-02 | 72 | 9.0 | 892 | 10.0 | 0.04 |
| 2021-03 | 119 | 14.9 | 1097 | 12.4 | 0.07 |
| 2021-04 | 196 | 24.5 | 966 | 10.9 | 0.36 |
| 2021-05 | 108 | 13.5 | 789 | 8.9 | 0.15 |
| 2021-06 | 23 | 2.9 | 568 | 6.4 | 0.17 |
| 2021-07 | 10 | 1.2 | 577 | 6.5 | 0.27 |
| 2021-08 | 28 | 3.5 | 633 | 7.1 | 0.16 |
| 2021-09 | 21 | 2.6 | 643 | 7.2 | 0.21 |
| 2021-10 | 22 | 2.7 | 650 | 7.3 | 0.21 |
| 2021-11 | 12 | 1.5 | 404 | 4.6 | 0.18 |
| Pandemic wave | |||||
| Wave 2: Dec. 14, 2020 to March 6, 2021 | 284 | 35.5 | 2799 | 31.5 | 0.08 |
| Wave 3: March 7, 2021 to June 26, 2021 | 423 | 52.8 | 3099 | 34.9 | 0.37 |
| Wave 4: June 27, 2021 to November 21, 2021 | 94 | 11.7 | 2981 | 33.6 | 0.54 |
| Public health region | |||||
| Toronto | 446 | 55.7 | 4457 | 50.2 | 0.11 |
| Central East | 7 | 0.9 | 295 | 3.3 | 0.17 |
| Central West | 99 | 12.4 | 1190 | 13.4 | 0.03 |
| Durham | 23 | 2.9 | 231 | 2.6 | 0.02 |
| Eastern | 11 | 1.4 | 288 | 3.2 | 0.12 |
| Northern | 23 | 2.9 | 354 | 4.0 | 0.06 |
| Ottawa | 45 | 5.6 | 663 | 7.5 | 0.07 |
| Peel | 72 | 9.0 | 449 | 5.1 | 0.15 |
| South West | 44 | 5.5 | 698 | 7.9 | 0.09 |
| York | 31 | 3.9 | 254 | 2.9 | 0.06 |
| Number of tests in 3 months before December 14, 2020 | |||||
| 0 | 600 | 74.9 | 5995 | 67.5 | 0.16 |
| 1 | 132 | 16.5 | 1697 | 19.1 | 0.07 |
| 2+ | 69 | 8.6 | 1187 | 13.4 | 0.15 |
| Receipt of 2019/20 or 2020/21 flu vaccine | |||||
| Neither season | 471 | 58.8 | 4630 | 52.1 | 0.13 |
| Either season | 181 | 22.6 | 2310 | 26.0 | 0.08 |
| Both seasons | 149 | 18.6 | 1939 | 21.8 | 0.08 |
| Number of comorbidities | |||||
| 0 | 442 | 55.2 | 4191 | 47.2 | 0.16 |
| 1 | 221 | 27.6 | 2566 | 28.9 | 0.03 |
| 2+ | 138 | 17.2 | 2122 | 23.9 | 0.17 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Chronic respiratory disease | 155 | 19.4 | 2338 | 26.3 | 0.17 |
| Hypertension | 151 | 18.9 | 2085 | 23.5 | 0.11 |
| Diabetes | 103 | 12.9 | 1173 | 13.2 | 0.01 |
| Frailty/dementia | 73 | 9.1 | 838 | 9.4 | 0.01 |
| Chronic heart disease | 53 | 6.6 | 780 | 8.8 | 0.08 |
| Chronic kidney disease/dialysis | 54 | 6.7 | 622 | 7.0 | 0.01 |
| Advanced liver disease | 34 | 4.2 | 374 | 4.2 | 0.00 |
| Autoimmune disorders | 24 | 3.0 | 426 | 4.8 | 0.09 |
| History of stroke/TIA | 13 | 1.6 | 162 | 1.8 | 0.02 |
| Neighborhood-level essential workers quintile | |||||
| 1 (0–32.5%) | 193 | 24.1 | 2921 | 32.9 | 0.20 |
| 2 (32.5–42.3%) | 134 | 16.7 | 1586 | 17.9 | 0.03 |
| 3 (42.3–49.8%) | 143 | 17.9 | 1439 | 16.2 | 0.04 |
| 4 (50.0–57.5%) | 163 | 20.3 | 1480 | 16.7 | 0.09 |
| 5 (57.5–100%) | 168 | 21.0 | 1453 | 16.4 | 0.12 |
| Neighborhood-level average number of persons per dwelling quintile | |||||
| 1 (0–2.1) | 314 | 39.2 | 4046 | 45.6 | 0.13 |
| 2 (2.2–2.4) | 119 | 14.9 | 1492 | 16.8 | 0.05 |
| 3 (2.5–2.6) | 87 | 10.9 | 861 | 9.7 | 0.04 |
| 4 (2.7–3.0) | 133 | 16.6 | 1415 | 15.9 | 0.02 |
| 5 (3.1–5.7) | 148 | 18.5 | 1065 | 12.0 | 0.18 |
| Neighborhood-level proportion of persons self-identifying as visible minority quintile | |||||
| 1 (0.0–2.2%) | 26 | 3.2 | 687 | 7.7 | 0.20 |
| 2 (2.2–7.5%) | 49 | 6.1 | 849 | 9.6 | 0.13 |
| 3 (7.5–18.7%) | 125 | 15.6 | 1532 | 17.3 | 0.04 |
| 4 (18.7–43.5%) | 236 | 29.5 | 2886 | 32.5 | 0.07 |
| 5 (43.5–100%) | 365 | 45.6 | 2925 | 32.9 | 0.26 |
| Neighborhood-level median income quintile | |||||
| 1 (lowest) | 359 | 44.8 | 3161 | 35.6 | 0.19 |
| 2 | 166 | 20.7 | 1885 | 21.2 | 0.01 |
| 3 | 123 | 15.4 | 1582 | 17.8 | 0.07 |
| 4 | 90 | 11.2 | 1087 | 12.2 | 0.03 |
| 5 (highest) | 63 | 7.9 | 1164 | 13.1 | 0.17 |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SD, standardized difference.