Table 1.

Species diversity, relative abundance of Culicoides biting midges, and molecular detection of trypanosomatid parasites across the three sampling locations in this study.

Collection Sites	Subgenus	Host Species	No. of Investigated Biting Midges			Sample ID. of Non-Engorged Biting Midges with Positive PCR
			Male (n = 19)	Non-Engorged (Parous and Gravid) Female (n = 187)	Engorged (n = 47)	ITS1-PCR (n = 17)	SSU rRNA-PCR (n = 12)
Sadao District, Songkhla Province 1st Patient’s House (6°38′08.3″ N, 100°25′35.6″ E)	Remmia	C. oxystoma	3	11
	Calvipalpis group	C. huffi		7		CNR10
	Hoffmania	C. peregrinus	5
	Meijerehelea	C. mahasarakhamense	1	4
	Meijerehelea	C. guttifer		1
	Avaritia	C. orientalis		1
	Trithecoides	C. Trithecoides sp.		1
		Total	9	25	0	1	0
Sadao District, Songkhla Province 2nd Patient’s House (6°36′05.2″ N, 100°29′07.9″ E)	Hoffmania	C. peregrinus	9	34		CSP2, CSP8, CSP9, CSP11, CSP12, CSP15	CSP18, CSP20, CSP22, CSP25, CSP28, CSP30
	Hoffmania	C. innoxius		2
	Remmia	C. oxystoma	1	22		CSP35, CSP38, CSP41, CSP42 *, CSP44, CSP45, CSP48	CSP42 *, CSP50
	Meijerehelea	C. mahasarakhamense		6		CSP59
	Meijerehelea	C. guttifer		1
	Avaritia	C. orientalis		1
		Total	10	66	0	14	8
Rattaphum District, Songkhla Province Livestock Sheds (7°01′19.2″ N, 100°07′53.1″ E)	Trithecoides	C. fordae		45	15	CHH10	CHH64, CHH65
	Trithecoides	C. elbeli		28	11		CHH113
	Trithecoides	C. flaviscutatus			3
	Trithecoides	C. Trithecoides sp.		10	4
	Avaritia	C. orientalis		5	11		CHH95
	Avaritia	C. fulvus		2	1	CHH45
	Avaritia	C. jacobsoni		2
	Hoffmania	C. innoxius		3	1
	Hoffmania	C. peregrinus			1
	Meijerehelea	C. guttifer		1
		Total	0	96	47	2	4

‘*’, a single specimen of C. oxystoma (CSP42) was co-infected by L. martiniquensis and Crithidia sp.