Figure 5.

Syncytium formation and hemolytic activities of NDVs bearing different HN proteins. (A) Vero cells were infected with three viruses at 0.1 MOI for 24 h, and then detected for the syncytia formation. Images were taken under a microscope at ×200 magnification. White arrows were used to mark the syncytia formation. Bar indicates 200 µm. (B) The hemolytic activity was compared among the parental and recombinant viruses. Statistical significance was compared with that of rMukteswar. All values are normalized to the expression of the values for rMukteswar, which was set at 100%. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001.