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. 2022 Nov 21;15(22):8266. doi: 10.3390/ma15228266

Table 1.

Formulations of WBDF.

Materials Basic WBDF Basic WBDF + Waste Additives Mixing Time Mixing Order
Distilled water (mL) 300.0 300.0 - 1
Bentonite (ppb) [Al2O3.4(SiO2).H2O] 25.0 25.0 5 2
Potassium chloride (ppb) 20.0 20.0 2 3
Xanthan gum (ppb) 1.0 1.0 5 4
Polyanionic cellulose (ppb) 3.0 3.0 5 5
Sodium hydroxide (ppb) 0.1 0.1 5 6
Barite (ppb) 70.0 70.0 20 7
Welding waste (ppb)/
Welding waste-derived GO (ppb)/
Commercial GO (ppb)
- 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 5 8