Table 2.
CircRNAs involved in the development of heart failure.
| CircRNAs | Expression | Targets | Subcellular Localization | Affected Pathway |
Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac hypertrophy | ||||||
| Circ-HRCR | ↓ | miR-223 | Cytoplasm | ARC axis | Reduces hypertrophy and heart failure | [70] |
| CircRNA_000203 | ↑ | miR-140-3p or miR-26b-5p |
Cytoplasm | GATA4 axis | Exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy Excludes the anti-fibrotic effect of miR-26b in mouse CFs |
[72] [67] |
| CiRS-7 | ↑ | miR-7 | Cytoplasm | PARP/SP1 | Worsens cardiac function | [53] |
| Cardiac fibrosis | ||||||
| CircNF1B | ↓ | miR-433 | Cytoplasm | Fibroblast proliferation | Supports protection against cardiac fibrosis, attenuates fibrosis of cardiac | [79] |
| CircHIPK3 | ↑ | miR-29b-3p or miR-17-3p |
Cytoplasm | ADCY6 axis | Advances fibrosis of cardiac by up-regulating fibrosis-associated genes | [80,91] |
| CircRNA_010567 | ↑ | miR-141/TGF | Cytoplasm | β1 axis | Reduces fibrosis-associated Col I, Col III and α-SMA protein expression |
[68] |
| CircRNA_005647 | ↓ | miR-27b-3p | Cytoplasm | DAPK | Reduces expressions of fibrosis-related genes | [81] |
| Circ_LAS1L | ↓ | miR-125b | Cytoplasm | SFRP5 axis | Reduces the activation, proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts |
[92] |
| CircPAN3 | ↑ | miR-221 | Cytoplasm | FoxO3/TG7 | Advances cardiac fibrosis post-MI | [93] |
| Autophagy and apoptosis | ||||||
| CircACR | ↓ | Pink1 | Cytoplasm | FAM65B axis | Extinguish autophagy to attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury | [85] |
| Circ-MFACR | ↑ | miR-652-3p | Cytoplasm | MTP18 axis | Advances mitochondrial fission and cardiomyocyte apoptosis |
[71] |
| Circ_Ttc3 | ↓ | miR-15b | Cytoplasm | Arl2 axis | Causes cardioprotection by reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis | [49] |
| CircFndc3b | ↑ | RNA binding protein |
Nucleus | FUS/ VEGF-A axis |
Extinguish cardiomyocyte apoptosis, improves neovascularization and pick up left ventricular function in post-MI events | [48] |
| CircNfix | ↑ | miR-214 | Cytoplasm | YBX1/NEDD4L | Extinguish cardiomyocyte proliferation, angiogenesis and increases CM apoptosis | [22] |
ADCY6—adenylate cyclase type 6; ARC—apoptosis repressor with CARD domain; Arl2—ADP ribosylation factor-like protein 2; ATG7—Autophagy related 7 protein; DAPK—death associated protein kinase; FoxO3—forkhead box O3; FUS—fused in sarcoma; Gata4—GATA binding protein 4; NEDD4L—neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4-like; PARP—poly (ADP ribose) polymerase; Pink1—PTEN induced putative kinase 1; SFRP5—secreted frizzled-related protein 5; SP1—stimulatory protein 1;VEGF—vascular endothelial growth factor; YBX1—Y box binding protein 1.