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. 2022 Nov 16;15(11):1418. doi: 10.3390/ph15111418

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Anti-inflammatory activity mechanisms of equol. Akt: protein kinase B, AP: activator protein, AR: androgen receptor, cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ICAM: intercellular adhesion molecule, IL: interleukin, IRAP: insulin-responsive aminopeptidase, IRF: IFN regulatory factor, iNOS: nitric oxide system, JAK: janus kinase, MAPK or P38: mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B, PGE2: prostaglandin E2, PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase, PKA: protein kinase A, SHP: Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase, TLR: Toll-like receptor, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, TRADD: TNFR1-associated death domain protein, TRAF: TNFR-associated factor, TRAM: TRIF-related adaptor molecule, VCAM: vascular cell adhesion molecule.