Anti-inflammatory activity mechanisms of equol. Akt: protein kinase B, AP: activator protein, AR: androgen receptor, cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ICAM: intercellular adhesion molecule, IL: interleukin, IRAP: insulin-responsive aminopeptidase, IRF: IFN regulatory factor, iNOS: nitric oxide system, JAK: janus kinase, MAPK or P38: mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B, PGE2: prostaglandin E2, PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase, PKA: protein kinase A, SHP: Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase, TLR: Toll-like receptor, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, TRADD: TNFR1-associated death domain protein, TRAF: TNFR-associated factor, TRAM: TRIF-related adaptor molecule, VCAM: vascular cell adhesion molecule.