Figure 2.

The effects of walnut consumption on the total score, positive subscale and negative subscales of perceived stress before, during and after the university examination period in the Perceived Stress Scale. Clinical Visit 1 occurred during the first half of the university semester, Visit 2 occurred during the university examination period, and Visit 3 occurred at the end of the university semester. * (Below graph) Denotes significant main effects, * = p < 0.05. * (On graph) Denotes a difference in control means compared to the immediately preceding visit, * = p < 0.05; # denotes a difference in main effect of time (visit), # = p < 0.05. Mixed effects analyses followed by Bonferroni multiple comparisons. Positive Subscale data transformed prior to analysis. Visit 1: control n = 33; walnut n = 34. Visit 2: control n = 30; walnut n = 29. Visit 3: control n = 29; walnut n = 30. Small differences in sample size are due to participant withdrawals and incomplete responses to the questionnaire. Analyses performed on responses from all 3 cohorts.