Figure 8.

The effects of walnut consumption on serum mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) before, during and after the university examination period. Clinical Visit 1 occurred during the first half of the university semester, Visit 2 occurred during the university examination period, and Visit 3 occurred at the end of the university semester. * (Below graph) Denotes significant main effects, **** = p < 0.0001.* (On graph) Denotes a difference in control means compared to the immediately preceding visit unless otherwise indicated by lines, * = p < 0.05, **** = p < 0.0001; @ denotes a difference in walnut means compared to the immediately preceding visit unless otherwise indicated by lines, @ = p < 0.05, @@@@ = p < 0.0001; # denotes a difference in main effect of time (visit), ## = p < 0.01, #### = p < 0.0001. Mixed effects analyses followed by Bonferroni multiple comparisons. Visit 1: control n = 28; walnut n = 29. Visit 2: control n = 24; walnut n = 27; Visit 2: control n = 24; walnut n = 24. mBDNF, mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Small differences in sample size are due to technical issues with blood collection and withdrawals from subsequent visits. Analyses performed on samples from all 3 cohorts.