Table 4.

Effects of the vibration on particle properties of the mRNA encapsulating LNPs.

Vibration	Size (nm)	PDI	Zeta-Potential (mV)	mRNA Retention Rate (%)
Non-treatment	114.5 ± 2.9	0.076 ± 0.027	−10.69 ± 5.29	89.84 ± 1.24
Tapping 10 s	120.5 ± 20.7	0.139 ± 0.081	−8.73 ± 3.19	93.51 ± 3.09
Tapping 30 s	114.7 ± 4.5	0.084 ± 0.055	−8.93 ± 1.86	91.85 ± 2.13
Tapping 5 min	119.6 ± 5.2	0.154 ± 0.067	−11.58 ± 4.51	85.62 ± 4.04
Vortex 10 s	115.5 ± 6.4	0.100 ± 0.043	−9.29 ± 2.21	88.29 ± 2.59
Vortex 30 s	116.7 ± 5.9	0.085 ± 0.024	−11.47 ± 1.01	93.69 ± 1.39
Vortex 5 min	242.8 ± 55.3 **	0.427 ± 0.202	−15.35 ± 0.17	41.58 ± 30.61 **

Data are represented as the mean ± S.D., n = 3. ** p < 0.01 indicate significant differences versus the non-treatment (Dunnett’s test).