Table 1.
Micropropagation of medicinal plants by organogenesis methods.
| Plant | Explant Source | Shoot Multiplication | Rooting | Phytochemical Analysis | Key Findings | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS Medium | Phytohormone | MS Medium | Phytohormone | |||||
| Zingiber officinale Roscoe | Rhizome sproutedbud | solid | Zeatin (10 µM) | solid | NAA (7.5 µM) | Flavonoids and phenolic acids |
The total content of phytochemical components is not very different from those of conventionally propagated plants. | [74] |
| Plectranthusamboinicus | Axillarybuds | semi-solid | BAP (0.4 mg/L) | semi-solid | Without PGR | Carvacrol γ-Terpinene |
Essential oil yield was improved with a higher quantity of chemical compounds in vitro cultures. The in vitro regeneration was chemically true to the parent plant type. | [64] |
| Lavandula coronopifolia | Shoot tips | solid | BA (0.5 mg/L) | solid | IBA (10 mg/L) | Caffeic acid androsmarinic acid | Micropropagation was regenerated from plants with genetic fidelity to the parent plant. A remarkable difference in the chemical profiles of the in vitro culture and the wild-type plants. |
[75] |
| Tanacetum vulgare | Shoot tips | solid | without PGR | liquid half-strength | Without PGR | Monoterpenes Sesquiterpene Chlorogenic acid 3,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid |
Spontaneously rooted seedlings at the time of propagation. Terpenes are the most abundant in essential oils. In vitro grown roots are richest in 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. |
[76] |
| Cannabis sativa | Nodal segments | solid | mT (2 µM) | solid | mT (2 µM) | Cannabinoids | Rooting was performed on the same propagation medium. Auxin was not necessary for root induction. cannabinoid level in the micropropagated plants is comparable to the mother plant. In vitro propagated plants are identical to the mother plant. |
[77] |
| Eryngiumalpinum | Shoots | solid | BAP, IAA, and GA3 (each 1.0 mg/L) | __ | __ | Phenolic acids and flavonoids | The solid MS medium with BAP, IAA, and GA3 (each 1.0 mg/L) is the optimal system for micropropagation and accumulation of phenolic acids and flavonoids. An important variability in phytochemicals between the intact plant and different in vitro culture. |
[6] |
| Spiraeabetulifoliasubsp. aemiliana | Axillarybuds | solid | S1 = BAP (1.0 μM) S2 = (BAP 5.0 μM) + (NAA 1.0 μM) |
half-strength | S1 = S2= IBA (0.1 µM) | Phenolic acids and flavonoids | Many differences in chemical profile between in vitro culture and intact plants. Interpopulation genotypic differences in the activity of morphogenic processes have been identified in S. betulifolia in vitro culture. |
[78] |
| Salvia sclarea | Nodal segments | solid | mT (2.0 mg/L) + IAA (0.2 mg/L) | solid | NAA (1.0 mg/L) | A multitude of secondary metabolites | High genetic stability of micropropagated plants. N-alkanes, tetradecanal, octadecanal, and hentriacontane are the major components from micropropagated plants. PGRs have caused variability in the content of secondary metabolite. |
[79] |
| Lippiaoriganoides | Nodal segments | solid | KIN (4.6 μM) | solid | KIN (2.3 μM) | Myrcene, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, linalool, thymol, carvacrol and (E)-caryophyllene. | The presence of PGR changed the chemical profile of the volatile organic compound. | [80] |
Murashige and Skoog (MS), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Benzyl adenine (BA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Indol-3-butytic acid (IBA), Gibberellic acid (GA3), Kinetin (Kin), meta-Topolin (mT), plant growth regulator (PGR).