Table 1.
Seminal parameters of total patients and HPV-negative and HPV-positive groups.
| Parameters | Total | HPV Negative | HPV Positive | HPV-Negative vs. Positive p-Value (Test) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 117 | 70 | 47 | |
| DFI% | 28.7 ± 12.9 | 28.5 ± 14.3 | 28.9 ± 10.6 | |
| 27.5 (20–35) | 25.1 (19–33.75) | 28.5 (23.65–35.5) | p = 0.32 (MW) | |
| Sperm concentration/mL | 45.0 ± 47.6 | 49.6 ± 51.9 | 38.3 ± 40.0 | |
| 30 (13–58) | 30 (8.5–70) | 29 (14.5–52) | p = 0.41 (MW) | |
| Total sperm number | 120.7 ± 137.1 | 123.5 ± 144.9 | 116.5 ± 125.9 | |
| 73.6 (26–153) | 75 (23.5–149.8) | 68.2 (30.85–157.5) | p = 0.95(MW) | |
| Semen volume (mL) | 2.9 ± 1.6 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 3.0 ± 1.7 | |
| 2.7 (1.8–3.5) | 2.5 (1.7–3.2) | 3 (2–4) | p = 0.36 (MW) | |
| Progressive motility% | 28.8 ± 15.3 | 29.6 ± 15.0 | 27.7 ± 15.8 | |
| 30 (20–40) | 35 (20–40) | 25 (20–36.5) | p = 0.21 (MW) | |
| Non-progressive% | 16.2 ± 9.4 | 16.4 ± 10.4 | 16.0 ± 7.6 | |
| 15 (10–20) | 13.5 (10–20) | 15 (10–20) | p = 0.68 (MW) | |
| Total motility% | 45.0 ± 16.4 | 46.0 ± 16.8 | 43.7 ± 15.9 | |
| 50 (40–55) | 50 (40.75–55) | 45 (40–50) | p = 0.13 (MW) | |
| Immotile% | 54.2 ± 16.7 | 52.7 ± 17.2 | 56.3 ± 15.9 | |
| 50 (45–60) | 50 (45–56.5) | 55 (50–60) | p = 0.08 (MW) | |
| Normal forms% | 6.8 ± 5.1 | 8.5 ± 5.4 | 4.4 ± 3.4 | |
| 6 (2–10) | 8 (4–12) | 3 (2–6.5) | p < 0.0001 * (MW) | |
| Head defects% | 67.8 ± 16.9 | 64.1 ± 16.2 | 73.1 ± 16.7 | p = 0.0047 * (T) |
| 67 (56–80) | 65 (55–74) | 71 (59.5–90) | ||
| Neck and midpiece defects% | 11.8 ± 8.5 | 9.2 ± 7.0 | 15.5 ± 9.1 | |
| 10 (5–17) | 8 (3–15) | 15 (8.5–20) | p = 0.0002 * (MW) | |
| Tail defects% | 8.2 ± 8.5 | 6.1 ± 6.1 | 11.2 ± 10.5 | |
| 5 (2–13.25) | 4 (1–10) | 10 (3.5–16) | p = 0.0033 * (MW) | |
| Amorphous% | 15.7 ± 8.0 | 15.4 ± 7.8 | 16.2 ± 8.2 | |
| 15 (10–20) | 15 (10–21) | 15 (10–20) | p = 0.83 (MW) | |
| HPV | 40.2% (47) | — | — | — |
* Significant test (p < 0.05); MW = Mann-Whitney test; T = t-Student test for normal distribution was performed by Shapiro–Wilk test; data are described by mean ± SD, median (IQR), or percentage.