Figure 4.

Cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ regulates mitochondrial damage during E. coli infection. Primary bEECs were pre-treated with EGTA (5 mM), NAC (8 mM), BAPTA-AM (10 μM), or 2-APB (50 μM) before E. coli infection for 6 h. (A) Western blot analysis of the expression levels of cytochrome c. (B) Real-time quantitative PCR of expression of mitochondrial genome-related genes mtND1, mtND2 and mtND3. (C) Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of mtND4, mtND5, and mtND6 levels. (D) Nuclear genes (POLG, SSBP1, TWNK, and TOP1) that control the replication of mtDNA were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. (E) Relative mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes (PGC1α, TFAM, and NRF1). The data are means ± SEM of three independent experiments. Bars with different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).