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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 25.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Jan 25;135:104544. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104544

Figure 7: Microglia Inhibition of Opioid Reward:

Figure 7:

1.) Elevated levels of BDNF results in increased GABAergic tone within the VTA, 2.) IL-1β may increase neurotransmission of GABAergic neurons within the mesolimbic pathway, 3.) TNFα reduces VMAT2 activity which reduces the amount of dopamine released from VTA dopaminergic neurons, and 4.) TNFα increases DAT reuptake of dopamine within the NAcc, reducing the ability of dopamine to exert rewarding effects.