Table 2 Baseline characteristics.
| Characteristic | All pregnancies (n=38) | Total complication score 0–3 (n=17) | Total complication score>3 (n=21) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at conception in years (±SD) | 27.7 (±4.5) | 27.4 (±2.9) | 28.0 (±4.5) |
| Duration of type 1 diabetes in years (±SD) | 15.1 (±7.3) | 13.8 (±6.9) | 16.2 (±7.5) |
| BMI at conception in kg/m 2 (±SD) | 25.7 (±4.3) | 25.5 (±3.7) | 25.9 (±4.7) |
| Smoking at conception | 2 (5.3%) | 1 (5.9%) | 1 (4.8%) |
| Insulin administration | |||
| MDI | 3 (7.9%) | 2 (11.8%) | 1 (4.8%) |
| CSII | 34 (89.5%) | 14 (82.4%) | 20 (95.2%) |
| Glucose monitoring | |||
| CGM | 22 (57.9%) | 8 (47.1%) | 14 (66.7%) |
| SMBG | 7 (18.4%) | 3 (17.6%) | 4 (19.0%) |
| SMBG →CGM | 8 (21.1%) | 5 (29.4%) | 3 (14.3%) |
| FGM | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (5.9%) | 0 (0%) |
| Hypertension | 4 (10.5%) | 1 (5.9%) | 3 (14.3%) |
| Retinopathy at conception | 11 (28.9%) | 4 (23.5%) | 7 (33.3%) |
| Nephropathy at conception | 3 (7.9%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (14.3%) |
| Gravida 1 | 24 (63.2%) | 9 (52.9%) | 15 (71.4%) |
| Gravida 2 | 13 (34.2%) | 8 (47.1%) | 5 (23.8%) |
| Gravida 3 | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.8%) |
| Para 0 | 29 (76.3%) | 12 (70.6%) | 17 (81.0%) |
| Para 1 | 9 (23.7%) | 5 (29.4%) | 4 (19.0%) |
| ART | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| HbA1c at conception | |||
| % (±SD) | 6.86 (±0.89) | 6.78 (±0.99) | 6.92 (±0.82) |
| Mmol/mol (±SD) | 51.5 (±9.7) | 50.7 (±10.9) | 52.2 (±9.0) |
| Preconception planning | 24 (63.2%) | 11 (64.7%) | 13 (61.9%) |
| Folic acid use | 30 (78.9%) | 13 (76.5%) | 17 (81.0%) |
Values are shown as mean (SD) or as number (%); ART, assisted reproductive technology; CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; FGM, flash glucose monitoring; MDI, multiple daily injections; SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose; SMBG →CGM, patient switched from SMBG to CGM before the end of the first trimester.