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. 2022 Nov 11;25(12):105555. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105555

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

PNI induces persistent upregulation of GFAP in SDH astrocytes

(A) Low and high magnification images of GFAP-positive cells in the SDH of Sham, CCI-E, and CCI-L rats. Scale bars are 100 μm (left panels) and 50 μm (right panels).

(B) GFAP quantification. The percentage area occupied by GFAP positive cells in the SDH was analyzed. Histograms indicate the relative mean area occupied by GFAP-positive cells in Sham, CCI-E, and CCI-L rats (Sham: 11.48 ± 1.99%; CCI-E: 27.37 ± 1.30%, ∗∗∗p < 0.001; CCI-L: 18.83 ± 1.13%, ∗∗p = 0.0064; n = 5 rats in Sham group, and n = 6 rats in CCI-E and CCI-L group respectively). One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test.

(C) Representative images of the SDH L4 or L5 of Sham, E-CCI, and L-CCI rats. Neurons were immunostained for NeuN, Pax2, or both NeuN and Pax2. White arrowheads indicate typical excitatory (Pax2-/NeuN+) neurons, and light blue arrowheads indicate typical inhibitory (Pax2+/NeuN+) neurons. Scale bar: 100 or 50 μm for lower and higher magnification images, respectively.

(D) Comparison of the number of neurons (NeuN+) in SDH between CCI-E, CCI-L, and Sham rats (n = 5 rats for Sham group, and n = 6 rats for CCI-E and CCI-L group. Sham: 192.4 ± 22.07; CCI-E: 135.5 ± 12.65, ∗p = 0.0222; CCI-L: 78.83 ± 3.74, ∗∗∗p = 0.001.

(E) Comparison of the number of excitatory neurons (Pax2-/NeuN+) in SDH between CCI-E, CCI-L, and Sham rats. Sham: 123.0 ± 15.13; CCI-E: 76.33 ± 5.99, ∗∗p = 0.0037; CCI-L: 46.67 ± 2.08, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

(F) Comparison of the number of inhibitory interneurons (Pax2+/NeuN+) in SDH between CCI-E, CCI-L and Sham rats. Sham: 68.40 ± 11.27; CCI-E: 59.17 ± 7.37, p = 0.5337; CCI-L: 32.17 ± 2.01, ∗∗p = 0.0064. Significant differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. n.s., not significant.