Figure 1.

The effects of miRNAs secreted by different cell sources on neurons.

miRNAs are derived from different types of cells, including macrophages, stem cells, exosomes, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle cells, nerve cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and various mediators in vivo. The different types of cells reported in this paper can secrete different subtypes of miRNA, and changes in miRNA expression can affect downstream target genes or signaling pathways, thus affecting the development and survival of neurons. Neurons can be damaged by apoptosis, necrosis, neuronal loss or axon rupture, inflammatory injury, toxic medium injury, or death due to the influence of the nutritional environment. miRNA, as a therapeutic target of neuronal injury, can ameliorate the above-mentioned injuries and improve the course of the disease. miRNA: MicroRNA.