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Cell monolayer spreading may be pressure-driven or crawling-based depending on the rigidity of the substrate. (a) Monolayer area, and (b) total radial traction stress over time for different values of substrate stiffness. (c) Heatmap of monolayer area growth rate, (d) and total radial traction stress for varying cell crawl speed and cell addition rate at an intermediate value of substrate stiffness (E = 15).
