Table 2. IPO indicators for internationalization of medical universities .
| Category Theme | Input | Process | Output |
| Education |
▪ Investing in new educational technologies for teaching (31,41,44,46,47,50) ▪ Setting up distance learning facilities (8,23,45) ▪ Percentage of library collection in other languages (7,36,42) ▪ Providing the required information regarding educational processes (by study guides), professors' work calendar (13,25,31) ▪ Number of student admissions per year (27,31) ▪ Availability of college graduation documentation without leaving one’s home (37) |
▪ Performing student exchange programs (7,12,20,22,33,37,39,40) ▪ Using English as a teaching language (22,23,26,25,33,38,48,50) ▪ Offering scholarship programs (7,12,22,33,34,37) ▪ Holding international workshops/ Joint international training (with leading world universities) (33,39) ▪ Recruiting overseas students from different countries of the world (41) ▪ Performing faculty exchange program with overseas universities (37,41) ▪ Offering summer study abroad programs (9,23) ▪ Planning study tours for students to offshore during the semester or the summer vacation (40) ▪ Integrating online education modes with onsite education (24,44,50) ▪ Number of courses teaching in English or other foreign languages (7,8,21,22,37) ▪ Setting up English language center in the university (12,43) ▪ Assessing English language fluency of domestic and international students/ faculty members/ administrative staff (25) ▪ Involving highly qualified teachers and scientists from foreign institutions into pedagogical activities (39) ▪ Transferring skills and knowledge to foreign students that are relevant to the issues of their own localities (35) |
▪ Ratio of international students (7,8,20-23,27,28,31-33,37-39,41,43,44,46,48-50) ▪ Ratio of international faculty members/ international visiting faculty (by nationality) (7,9,21-23,26,28,36,37,41-43,46,49,50) ▪ Number of international joint degree programs (7,21,23,26,28,40,41,48) ▪ Number of lessons taught by virtual methods (7,27,28,37) ▪ Number of students sent abroad through various education programs (20,22,36) ▪ Ratio of outbound students to inbound students (7,21,27) ▪ Ratio of international curricula and courses (9,22,37) ▪ Number of registrants in international workshops/ joint international degree programs (7,36) ▪ Percentage of university graduates working overseas (7,21) ▪ Number of international workshops (41) ▪ Number of intercultural educational activities performed at the university (9) ▪ Percentage of students who take courses offered in a foreign language (7) ▪ Number of studies with a mandatory course abroad (7) ▪ Number of faculties sent abroad for academic purposes (20) ▪ Percentage of faculties with at least one month of overseas academic experience (27) ▪ Percentage of international students by region (Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America and Pacific) (7) ▪ Number of student internships in regional enterprises (21) ▪ Percentage of faculty members who are fluent in English (25) ▪ Percentage of faculty members with at least one degree awarded by an institution abroad (7) ▪ Percentage of faculty members who awarded their highest academic qualification by an institution abroad (7) |
| Research | ▪ Modern and well-equipped laboratories (12,21,37,41,44) ▪ Funding for international research projects (7,48) ▪ Funding for international visiting scholars (7) |
▪ Promoting international joint research/ R&D programs (7-9,20,40,41,46,50) ▪ Employing international researchers in team projects (37,48) ▪ Increasing research centers focused on international studies (7,36) ▪ Promoting studies to provide solutions for global or regional issues (9,24) ▪ Encouraging students and faculties to give a lecture at international conferences (38,43) ▪ Using English as the language of research (24) ▪ Involving foreign professors in Ph.D. and postdoc research programs (23) ▪ Inviting prominent foreign professors to give lectures at the university (41) ▪ Exchanging education and research materials and technologies (9) |
▪ Percentage of international joint research publications (23,24,27,28,31,32,40,45-47,49) ▪ Percentage of international researchers (and postdocs) (7,22,26,36) ▪ Number of visiting scholars for academic purposes (7,8,36,41) ▪ Number of international scientific conference/ consortia / symposia / seminar / meeting hosted by the university (7,30,40,41) ▪ Number of papers presented (lectures) in international conferences (7,8,46) ▪ Number of articles published in international journals (8,12,26) ▪ Number of researchers sent abroad for research (22,36) ▪ Ratio of research projects funded by overseas institutions, governments, international agencies, professional associations and international NGOs (7,9) ▪ Number of scholarships for international postdoctoral researchers (7) ▪ Number of co-editorships in international journals (7) ▪ Percentage of faculty members who hold a visiting lectureship abroad (7) ▪ Number of lectures by foreign professors at the university (32) |
| Management | ▪ Availability of student facilities including dormitory, health care & insurance, counseling, sport (9,13,25,37,40) ▪ Size of institution/ campus/ class (13,31,42,46) ▪ Appearance/ design of the campus (31,33,44) ▪ Setting up an international affairs office (31,33,44) ▪ Investing in required staff at the international affairs offices (8,9,22) ▪ Proportion of total budget available for internationalization activities (7,8,22) ▪ Provide information regarding campus facilities and support services to international students by leaflets, brochures and other printed materials and also on the university website (31,32,13) ▪ Strategic plan for internationalization and periodic self-performance evaluation (8,22) ▪ Active presence on social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter (31,33) ▪ Clear process in application, admission, and enrollment for international students and respectful and prompt response from staff (31,13) ▪ Information accessibility (English version of university website) (22) ▪ National, gender and racial justice in the university environment (32) ▪ Culture of personal development in the university (41) |
▪ Establishing branch campus, research centers and administrative office abroad for monitoring of international joint projects/ alumni relations/ student recruitment/ consultancy purposes (8,28,36,37,40,42) ▪ Memberships in the international associations and consortia (7,12,23,40) ▪ Creating a multicultural environment on campus (22,32,41,42) ▪ Implementing programs that show respect for the culture of other countries (28,29,31,33) ▪ Financial support for full-time international students (25,29,38) ▪ Creating competitive tuition fees for international students (33,34,37) ▪ Publishing the university’s annual reports on the university website and social media (20) ▪ Increasing the number and distribution of overseas partners for academic activities (mobility program, research, education) (7,40) ▪ Recruiting staff from an international market (41,43) ▪ Visiting universities with a high degree of internationalization (23,45) ▪ Creating various competitions for student teams from different international universities (40) ▪ Implementing programs to reduce stress and create a sense of social belonging in international students (29) ▪ Assisting international students in transactions such as renting or buying a home or car (25) ▪ Include international students' favorite foods in the university menu (25) ▪ Training personnel in cooperation with international organizations (39) ▪ Hosting international specialized exhibitions at the university (30) |
▪ Number of educational and research cooperation agreements with universities abroad (8,9,23,28,31,36,43,45) ▪ Percentage of international staff (8,23,28,31,46) ▪ Percentage of staff who have international experience (minimum 3 months) (7) ▪ Percentage of international staff (by nationality) in institutional senior management team (7) ▪ Number of international awards (per faculty members) (9,23,26,27,47) ▪ Number of overseas branch campuses and research centers (8,28,37,40) ▪ Number of intercultural extracurricular activities (23,30) ▪ Percentage of partnerships by region (Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Pacific) (7) ▪ Proportion of total research income generated by international collaborations (7) |