Table 2. The logistic regression analysis for the relationship between influenza vaccination and COVID-19 death in the general population .
| Predictor | Deceased | Alive | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
| N (%) / Mean (SD) | OR(95% CI) | P-value | OR(95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Age | 74.4 (11.78) | 51.7 (16.96) | 1.10 (1.08-1.13) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.07-1.15) | <0.001 |
| BMI | 29.7 (3.47) | 28.5 (4.42) | 1.07 (1.01-1.14) | 0.032 | 1.04 (0.95-1.15) | 0.401 |
| Flu vaccination | ||||||
| Yes | 1 (1.3) | 20 (9.1) | 0.13 (0.017-0.99) | 0.049 | 0.16 (0.05-0.60) | 0.017 |
| No | 76 (98.7) | 199 (90.9) | Referent | Referent | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 39 (50.6) | 104 (47.5) | Referent | |||
| Female | 38 (49.4) | 115 (52.5) | 0.88 (0.52-1.48) | 0.633 | ||
| Education | ||||||
| Illiterate | 35 (45.5) | 42 (19.2) | Referent | Referent | ||
| Primary | 25 (32.5) | 71 (32.4) | 0.42 (0.22-0.80) | 0.008 | 1.55 (0.60-3.98) | 0.367 |
| Secondary | 16 (20.8) | 68 (31.1) | 0.28 (0.14-0.57) | <0.001 | 3.93 (0.95-6.35) | 0.060 |
| Tertiary | 0 (0) | 29 (13.2) | - | 0.998 | - | 0.998 |
| Master’s + | 1 (1.3) | 9 (4.1) | 0.13 (0.016-1.10) | 0.062 | 2.65 (0.12-6.30) | 0.547 |
| Job | ||||||
| Unemployed/ Housewife |
54 (70.1) | 107 (48.9) | Referent | Referent | ||
| Retired | 14 (18.2) | 22 (10.0) | 1.26 (0.59-2.66) | 0.542 | 1.18 (0.30-4.23) | 0.818 |
| Manual | 9 (11.7) | 52 (23.7) | 0.34 (0.16-0.45) | 0.007 | 1.18 (0.37-3.82) | 0.780 |
| Clerical | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | - | - | - |
| Technicians | 0 (0) | 30 (1.4) | - | - | - | - |
| Professional | 0 (0) | 3 (1.4) | - | - | - | - |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Yes | 64 (83.1) | 75 (34.2) | Referent | Referent | ||
| No | 13 (16.9) | 144 (65.8) | 0.11 (0.06-0.20) | <0.001 | 0.39 (0.16-0.96) | 0.043 |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Yes | 50 (64.9) | 51 (23.3) | Referent | Referent | ||
| No | 27 (35.1) | 168 (76.7) | 0.16 (0.09-0.29) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.17-0.78) | 0.009 |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 10 (13.0) | 32 (14.6) | Referent | |||
| No | 67 (87.0) | 187 (85.4) | 1.15 (0.54-2.46) | 0.725 | ||
| Heart disease | ||||||
| Yes | 25 (32.5) | 22 (10.0) | Referent | Referent | ||
| No | 52 (67.5) | 197 (90.0) | 0.23 (0.12-0.45) | <0.001 | 0.30 (0.13-0.73) | 0.008 |
| Renal disease | ||||||
| Yes | 2 (2.6) | 5 (2.3) | Referent | |||
| No | 75 (97.4) | 217 (97.7) | 0.88 (0.17-4.61) | 0.876 | ||
| Asthma | ||||||
| Yes | 18 (23.4) | 26 (11.9) | Referent | Referent | ||
| No | 59 (76.6) | 193 (88.1) | 0.44 (0.23-0.86) | 0.016 | 1.08 (0.43-2.69) | 0.875 |
| Cancer history | ||||||
| Yes | 3 (3.9) | 3 (1.4) | Referent | |||
| No | 74 (96.1) | 216 (98.6) | 0.34 (0.07-1.74) | 0.196 | ||
| Cortone therapy | ||||||
| Yes | 4 (5.2) | 5 (2.3) | Referent | |||
| No | 73 (94.8) | 2.4 (97.7) | 0.43 (0.11-1.63) | 0.213 | ||
SD: standard deviation, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.