Table 4. The logistic regression analysis for the relationship between influenza vaccination and COVID-19 death in healthcare workers .
| Predictor | Deceased | Alive | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
| N (%) / Mean (SD) | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Age | 58.4 (11.10) | 37.9 (8.95) | 1.24 (1.14-1.35) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.11-1.41) | <0.001 |
| BMI | 29.6 (3.34) | 26.3 (3.79) | 1.19 (1.05-1.36) | 0.006 | 1.24 (0.93-1.64) | 0.143 |
| Flu vaccination | ||||||
| Yes | 5 (45.5) | 174 (28.6) | 2.08 (0.63-6.91) | 0.231 | ||
| No | 6 (54.5) | 435 (71.4) | Referent | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 6 (54.5) | 216 (35.5) | Referent | |||
| Female | 5 (45.5) | 393 (64.5) | 0.46 (0.14-1.52) | 0.202 | ||
| Education | ||||||
| Illiterate | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Primary | 1 (9.1) | 15 (2.5) | Referent | Referent | ||
| Secondary | 2 (18.2) | 81 (13.3) | 0.37 (0.03-4.35) | 0.429 | - | 0.999 |
| Tertiary | 1 (9.1) | 364 (59.8) | 0.04 (0.01-0.70) | 0.027 | - | 0.999 |
| Master’s + | 7 (63.6) | 149 (24.5) | 0.71 (0.08-6.12) | 0.751 | - | 0.999 |
| Job | ||||||
| Unemployed/ Housewife |
0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Retired | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Manual | 1 (9.1) | 1 (0.2) | Referent | Referent | ||
| Clerical | 1 (9.1) | 134 (22.0) | 0.01 (0.001-0.22) | 0.005 | - | 0.999 |
| Technicians | 5 (45.5) | 391 (64.2) | 0.01 (0.001-0.23) | 0.003 | - | 0.999 |
| Professional | 4 (36.4) | 83 (13.6) | 0.05 (0.01-0.91) | 0.044 | - | 0.999 |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Yes | 5 (45.5) | 40 (6.6) | Referent | Referent | ||
| No | 6 (54.5) | 569 (93.4) | 0.08 (0.03-0.29) | <0.001 | 0.35 (0.06-2.05) | 0.245 |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Yes | 2 (18.2) | 34 (5.6) | Referent | |||
| No | 9 (81.8) | 575 (94.4) | 0.27 (0.06-1.28) | 0.099 | ||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 2 (18.2) | 34 (5.6) | Referent | |||
| No | 9 (81.8) | 575 (94.4) | 0.27 (0.06-1.28) | 0.099 | ||
| Heart disease | ||||||
| Yes | 1 (9.1) | 6 (1.0) | Referent | Referent | ||
| No | 10 (90.9) | 603 (99.0) | 0.10 (0.01-0.91) | 0.040 | 2.36 (0.07-8.03) | 0.633 |
| Renal disease | ||||||
| Yes | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | Referent | |||
| No | 10 (90.9) | 609 (100) | - | 0.999 | ||
| Asthma | ||||||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 17 (2.8) | Referent | |||
| No | 11 (100) | 592 (97.2) | - | 0.999 | ||
| Cancer history | ||||||
| Yes | 1 (9.1) | 2 (0.3) | Referent | Referent | ||
| No | 10 (90.9) | 607 (99.7) | 0.03 (0.003-0.39) | 0.007 | 0.02 (0.01-3.50) | 0.198 |
| Cortone therapy | ||||||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 16 (2.6) | Referent | |||
| No | 11 (100) | 593 (97.4) | - | 0.999 | ||
SD: standard deviation, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.