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. 2022 Nov 25;6:118. doi: 10.1186/s41687-022-00523-1

Table 1.

Modifications suggested by the experts and translators for the culturally adapted VHNSS 2.0

Item No/Original item First version Second version with cultural modifications Rationale
“I have lost my appetite.” graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figf_HTML.gif graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figg_HTML.gif More accurate
“I have thick mucus or phlegm.” graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figh_HTML.gif graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figi_HTML.gif

More comprehensive and culturally appropriate

Experiential equivalence maintained
“My average pain level over the last week has been…” graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figj_HTML.gif graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figk_HTML.gif

Better clarity

Semantic equivalence maintained
“The average relief from my pain medication is…” graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figl_HTML.gif graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figm_HTML.gif

Better clarity

Semantic equivalence maintained
“I have a burning sensation in the lining of my mouth and throat.” graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Fign_HTML.gif graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figo_HTML.gif

Simple and clear

Semantic equivalence maintained
“The lining of my mouth and throat is sensitive to dryness.” graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figp_HTML.gif graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figq_HTML.gif

Clear and culturally more appropriate

Semantic equivalence maintained
“I have limitations in the ability to open or move my jaw.” graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figr_HTML.gif graphic file with name 41687_2022_523_Figs_HTML.gif

More specific and clear

Semantic equivalence maintained