. 2022 Sep 4;30(6):2063–2077. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-01033-8

Table 4.

Effect of treatment on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers at for the active treatment group and placebo group at baseline and week 8

Test (Reference Range)	Group	Baseline Mean ± SD	Range	P value	8 Weeks Mean ± SD	Range	P value
Fasting Blood Glucose (3.0–7.7 mmol/L)	Active	7.91 ± 2.28	3.8–12.8	0.23	8.89 ± 3.17	5.1–20.2	0.79¹
Fasting Blood Glucose (3.0–7.7 mmol/L)	Placebo	8.75 ± 3.26	3.3–19.0	0.23	9.13 ± 4.23	4.4–25.0	0.79¹
HbA1c mmol/L (48–53 mmol/mol)	Active	58.35 ± 15.23	39.0–95.0	0.42	58.32 ± 16.47	37.0–96.0	0.53¹
HbA1c mmol/L (48–53 mmol/mol)	Placebo	62.06 ± 20.73	36.0–121.0	0.42	62.97 ± 23.62	35–151	0.53¹
HbA1c % (6.5–7%)	Active	7.49 ± 1.39	5.7–10.8	0.42	7.48 ± 1.51	5.5–11.0	0.53¹
HbA1c % (6.5–7%)	Placebo	7.83 ± 1.90	5.4–13.3	0.42	7.91 ± 2.15	5.4–15.9	0.53¹
C-reactive Protein (0–6 mg/L)	Active	5.32 ± 3.25	2.5–12.0	0.91¹	4.63 ± 3.19	2.5–12.0	0.26¹
C-reactive Protein (0–6 mg/L)	Placebo	5.97 ± 4.91	2.5–21.0	0.91¹	6.13 ± 4.74	2.5–18.0	0.26¹
C-reactive protein > 5.0 mg/L	Active	8.38 ± 1.89	5.0–12.0	0.18	6.17 ± 3.35	2.5–12.0	0.05
C-reactive protein > 5.0 mg/L	Placebo	10.13 ± 4.60	5.0–21.0	0.18	9.43 ± 5.07	2.5–18.0	0.05
Interleukin-6 (< 6 pg/mL)	Active	4.93 ± 1.79	1.0–9.0	0.44	4.13 ± 2.32	1.0–12.0	0.04¹
Interleukin-6 (< 6 pg/mL)	Placebo	4.52 ± 2.27	1.0–12.0	0.44	5.44 ± 3.02	1.0–18.0	0.04¹
Fibrinogen (1.50–4.00 g/L) ¹	Active	3.73 ± 0.83	2.31–6.46	0.53¹	3.55 ± 0.75	1.85–5.08	0.78
Fibrinogen (1.50–4.00 g/L) ¹	Placebo	3.56 ± 0.85	2.15–4.93	0.53¹	3.61 ± 0.96	1.17–5.98	0.78

Active treatment group n = 33, Placebo group n = 33. Statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05

¹Shapiro–Wilk distribution test found these data (in one or both arms) to be not normally distributed; tests of significance were performed nonparametrically with Mann–Whitney U