Table 2.
Perception of work environment and safety work practices among cleaning workers (N = 183)
| Variable | Asian (n = 120) | Hispanic (n = 37) | Othera (n = 26) | p-valueb | Tuckey post-hoc test* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| Psychosocial factors | ||||||||
| Job demand (12–48) | 30.8 | 4.5 | 28.8 | 5.8 | 32.0 | 6.9 | 0.016 | H<O |
| Job control (24–96) | 59.5 | 7.4 | 65.1 | 10.9 | 65.0 | 6.8 | < 0.001 | A<H, A<O |
| Job strain (0.125–2.0) | 0.53 | 0.12 | 0.46 | 0.15 | 0.51 | 0.13 | 0.015 | A>H |
| Supervisor support (4–16) | 10.5 | 2.3 | 11.4 | 3.1 | 11.8 | 2.5 | 0.037 | A<O |
| Coworker support (4–16) | 11.8 | 1.5 | 11.6 | 2.4 | 12.3 | 1.6 | 0.368 | n/a |
| Effort (6–30) | 11.3 | 4.3 | 10.2 | 3.5 | 12.7 | 6.5 | 0.078 | n/a |
| Reward (11–55) | 49.2 | 5.8 | 48.7 | 6.1 | 47.0 | 10.2 | 0.307 | n/a |
| Effort-reward ratio (0.11–2.73) | 0.44 | 0.23 | 0.40 | 0.2 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 0.012 | A<O, H<O |
| Safety climate (16–80) | 56.8 | 10 | 57.8 | 13.8 | 61.3 | 10.6 | 0.205 | n/a |
| Risk perception (1–5) | 3.09 | 1.35 | 2.02 | 1.1 | 2.18 | 1.32 | < 0.001 | A>H, A>O |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical safety behaviors (all or most of the time) | ||||||||
| I follow safety rules at work | 116 | 98.3 | 35 | 94.6 | 26 | 100 | 0.280 | |
| When I use a new cleaning product, I read the label of the product | 106 | 89.8 | 36 | 97.3 | 23 | 88.5 | 0.329 | |
| I follow the directions of cleaning products | 115 | 95.8 | 36 | 97.3 | 25 | 96.2 | 0.921 | |
| I do not mix cleaning products to make them stronger | 99 | 85.3 | 34 | 94.4 | 22 | 88.0 | 0.351 | |
| I do not use concentrated products without diluting them to make them stronger | 102 | 86.4 | 36 | 100 | 24 | 96.0 | 0.052 | |
| I wash my hands before eating, drinking, or smoking | 119 | 99.2 | 37 | 100 | 26 | 100 | 1.000 | |
| When I gen chemicals on my skin, I wash my skin immediately | 116 | 98.3 | 35 | 100 | 26 | 100 | 1.000 | |
| When I use chemicals to clean an area, I ventilate the space with any available methods | 93 | 81.6 | 29 | 78.4 | 21 | 80.8 | 0.912 | |
| Personal protective equipment use (all the time) | ||||||||
| Glove | 107 | 89.2 | 34 | 91.9 | 24 | 92.3 | 0.935 | |
| Eye protection | 17 | 14.2 | 5 | 13.5 | 6 | 23.1 | 0.491 | |
| Face protection | 11 | 9.2 | 2 | 5.4 | 1 | 3.6 | 0.77 | |
| Surgical mask | 27 | 22.5 | 9 | 24.3 | 5 | 19.2 | 0.891 | |
| Long-sleeves or apron | 24 | 20.0 | 4 | 10.8 | 8 | 30.8 | 0.144 |
The sample size may vary due to missing data
A Asian, H Hispanic, O Other
*Significant pairs are presented (p < 0.05)
Bold indicates significant p < 0.05
aBlack (n = 22), White (n = 1), and unknown (n = 6)
bNOVA, Chi-square tests, or Fisher’s exact tests were performed