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. 2022 Jan 25;24(6):1398–1407. doi: 10.1007/s10903-022-01328-6

Table 4.

Factors associated with health perception, chemical-related symptom reporting and health care seeking among cleaning workers

Variable Self-rated health as excellent or very good (n = 180) Reported a chemical related symptom to the supervisor (n = 100) Sought for health care for chemical related symptoms (n = 101)
OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI
Race/ethnicity (reference: Asian)
 Hispanic 2.05 0.79–5.33 11.7 2.64–51.6 14.80 3.47–63.1
 Others 4.20 0.55–32.3 1.78 0.20–14.4 27.02 1.51–482.3
Age 0.93 0.89–0.97 1.03 0.97–1.09 1.05 0.99–1.12
Country of birth (Foreign born) 4.62 0.66–32.4 1.34 0.18–10.2 26.8 1.63–438.8
Education (ref. some high school or less)
 High school graduate 1.07 0.48–2.38 2.26 0.43–11.9 0.83 0.23–3.01
 College 1 year or more 3.20 1.29–7.94 8.97 1.78–45.1 1.81 0.49–6.70
Job title (ref. patient support assistant)
 Custodian 1.66 0.76–3.63 0.96 0.24–3.87 4.60 1.24–16.9
 Supervisor 1.19 0.25–5.53 1.33 0.09–19.2 2.13 0.19–24.1
Job location (reference: hospital)
 Campus 1.67 0.63–4.37 1.61 0.37–7.11 3.01 0.71–12.8
Job strain 0.33 0.05–2.05 1.92 0.09–40.2 0.75 0.04–12.6
Effort-reward imbalance 1.97 0.57–6.76 2.44 0.54–11.1 0.84 0.11–6.29
Supervisor support 0.95 0.80–1.12 1.18 0.92–1.54 1.00 0.78–1.28
Risk perception 0.88 0.67–1.16 1.13 0.69–1.85 1.58 0.97–2.56

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval

Bold indicates significant p < 0.05