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. 2022 Oct 5;48(1):191–208. doi: 10.1038/s41386-022-01453-8

Fig. 4. Translational TMS studies in rats.

Fig. 4

a TMS-MMG setup. An unanesthetized rat is restrained on a platform with 4 straps with minimal discomfort. A figure-of-8 TMS coil is centered over the dorsal scalp at the interaural line. The MMG is obtained by two 3-axis accelerometers on each ventral surface of the foot while the rat is under brief isoflurane anesthesia before placement into the restraint. b Representative data during spTMS (left) or ppTMS (right) obtained with ISIs of 50, 100, and 200 ms in rats. ppTMS traces show long-interval intracortical inhibition of the test-evoked MMG. Arrow indicates the onset of the test stimulus. c Examples of MEP changes following sham stimulation, iTBS, and cTBS in anesthetized rats. Representative MEP traces following TBS show no obvious change after sham stimulation, whereas MEP traces show increased amplitude after iTBS and reduced amplitude after cTBS. cTBS continuous theta-burst stimulation, ISI interstimulus interval, iTBS intermittent theta-burst stimulation, MEP motor evoked potential, MMG mechanomyogram, ppTMS paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, spTMS single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS transcranial magnetic stimulation (adapted from refs. [243, 285]).