Table 4.

Postoperative complications of different methods of ALPPS

Group	Pulmonary infection (including pleural effusion)	Gastrointestinal bleeding	Abdominal infection	Incision infection	Bile leakage	Overall incidence
S1*
Open (n = 8)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (12.5%)	0 (0.0)	2 (25%)	3 (37.5%)
Laparoscopic (n = 14)	1 (7.1%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (7.1%)	0 (0.0)	2 (14.3%)
S2#
Open (n = 15)	3 (20.0%)	0 (0.0)	2 (13.3%)	1 (6.7%)	0 (0.0)	6 (40%)
Laparoscopic (n = 5)	0 (0.0)	1 (20%)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (20%)

^*S1, the first stage procedure

^#S2, the second stage procedure