Table 2.

Associations between physical activity, vitamin D and obesity/sarcopenia in total sample and sex subgroup

Groups	ORs(95%CI)
	O vs N	S vs N	SO vs N
Total sample (n = 3713)
PA levels
Moderate to high	1(reference)	1(reference)	1(reference)
Low	1.19(0.97,1.47)	1.65(1.25,2.18) ***	1.48(1.00,2.19)
Vitamin D
≥ 20 ng/ml	1(reference)	1(reference)	1(reference)
< 20 ng/ml	1.57(1.34,1.84) ***	1.31(1.03,1.66) *	1.88(1.32,2.67) ***
Male (n = 1351)
PA levels
Moderate to high	1(reference)	1(reference)	1(reference)
Low	1.38(1.00,1.91)	1.56(1.00,2.42)	1.54(0.89,2.68)
Vitamin D
≥ 20 ng/ml	1(reference)	1(reference)	1(reference)
< 20 ng/ml	1.75(1.34,2.28) ***	1.85(1.27,2.69) **	2.05(1.28,3.30) **
Female (n = 2362)
PA levels
Moderate to high	1(reference)	1(reference)	1(reference)
Low	1.05(0.79,1.38)	1.70(1.18,2.46) **	1.58(0.90,2.80)
Vitamin D
≥ 20 ng/ml	1(reference)	1(reference)	1(reference)
< 20 ng/ml	1.47(1.20,1.79) ***	1.06(0.77,1.45)	1.93(1.11,3.37) *

In total sample adjusted age, sex, ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking, ADL disability, chronic diseases (hypertention, coronary heart diseases, COPD, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, tumor), nutrition status, physical activity, and vitamin D status. In sex subgroups, adjusted all variables in total sample analysis except for sex

Abbreviations: ORs Odds ratios, CI Confident interval, N Normal, O Obesity, S Sarcopenia, SO Sarcopenic obesity, PA Physical activity

^*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001