Table 2.

The effects of GPEs on SCE and MN rates in cultured human lymphocytes. ^∗symbol presents a statistical difference from the control (-) group at the level of p < 0.05.

Groups	SCEs/cell	MN/2000 cells	Nuclear division index (NDI)
Untreated cells	4.55 ± 0.78	0.91 ± 0.15	1.37 ± 0.26
MMC	10.92 ± 1.06∗	3.74 ± 0.52∗	1.09 ± 0.21∗
GPE
0.1 μM	4.16 ± 0.61	0.79 ± 0.18	1.38 ± 0.22
1 μM	4.06 ± 0.59	0.83 ± 0.22	1.42 ± 0.14
10 μM	4.38 ± 0.41	0.88 ± 0.15	1.39 ± 0.31
25 μM	4.46 ± 0.73	0.85 ± 0.19	1.36 ± 0.25
50 μM	4.41 ± 0.36	0.89 ± 0.20	1.34 ± 0.24
100 μM	4.47 ± 0.63	0.90 ± 0.18	1.32 ± 0.21
GPE1
0.1 μM	4.29 ± 0.43	0.81 ± 0.15	1.44 ± 0.29
1 μM	4.47 ± 0.55	0.84 ± 0.23	1.41 ± 0.33
10 μM	4.55 ± 0.69	0.90 ± 0.22	1.37 ± 0.23
25 μM	4.52 ± 0.56	0.94 ± 0.17	1.34 ± 0.28
50 μM	4.63 ± 0.48	0.98 ± 0.21	1.32 ± 0.22
100 μM	4.65 ± 0.53	1.02 ± 0.24	1.42 ± 0.24
GPE2
0.1 μM	4.38 ± 0.36	0.85 ± 0.13	1.38 ± 0.30
1 μM	4.51 ± 0.50	0.89 ± 0.19	1.37 ± 0.25
10 μM	4.58 ± 0.47	0.91 ± 0.16	1.34 ± 0.27
25 μM	4.66 ± 0.60	0.92 ± 0.26	1.30 ± 0.33
50 μM	4.69 ± 0.51	1.01 ± 0.23	1.28 ± 0.27
100 μM	4.71 ± 0.66	1.04 ± 0.20	1.22 ± 0.24
GPE3
0.1 μM	4.18 ± 0.44	0.77 ± 0.17	1.45 ± 0.29
1 μM	4.29 ± 0.51	0.76 ± 0.21	1.43 ± 0.26
10 μM	4.23 ± 0.40	0.82 ± 0.24	1.41 ± 0.31
25 μM	4.35 ± 0.36	0.85 ± 0.16	1.42 ± 0.34
50 μM	4.45 ± 0.56	0.88 ± 0.28	1.40 ± 0.27
100 Μm	4.61 ± 0.47	0.92 ± 0.23	1.38 ± 0.25