Table 4. GHQ-28 scores at baseline and during study period in PP dataset.
GHQ-28: general health questionnaire-28; PP: per-protocol; CI: confidence interval
| Ashwagandha (AG, n=37) | Placebo (PL, n=35) | t-test | Mean Difference | Effect size (Cohen’s) | ||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t' | p' | 95% C.I. for diff. | ‘d' | 95% C.I. for ‘d’ | ||
| Total GHQ-28 score | ||||||||||
| Day 0 | 53.27 | 12.25 | 52.80 | 10.94 | 0.171 | 0.864 | 0.47 | -5.00 to 5.94 | 0.04 | -0.42 to 0.50 |
| Change at Week 8 | -7.84 | 8.74 | -3.91 | 9.87 | -1.789 | 0.078 | -3.92 | -8.30 to 0.45 | -0.42 | -0.89 to 0.05 |
| Physical score | ||||||||||
| Day 0 | 14.14 | 2.93 | 12.60 | 3.37 | 2.067 | 0.042 | 1.54 | 0.05 to 3.02 | 0.49 | 0.02 to 0.95 |
| Change at Week 8 | -1.78 | 3.00 | -0.74 | 3.04 | -1.461 | 0.148 | -1.04 | -2.46 to 0.38 | -0.34 | -0.81 to 0.12 |
| Anxiety score | ||||||||||
| Day 0 | 12.35 | 4.18 | 11.77 | 3.93 | 0.606 | 0.546 | 0.58 | -1.33 to 2.49 | 0.14 | -0.32 to 0.61 |
| Change at Week 8 | -2.95 | 3.83 | -1.54 | 5.77 | -1.222 | 0.226 | -1.40 | -3.69 to 0.89 | -0.29 | -0.75 to 0.18 |
| Social function score | ||||||||||
| Day 0 | 13.92 | 3.17 | 14.29 | 2.61 | -0.535 | 0.594 | -0.37 | -1.73 to 1.00 | -0.13 | -0.59 to 0.34 |
| Change at Week 8 | -1.76 | 3.38 | -0.83 | 3.02 | -1.226 | 0.224 | -0.93 | -2.44 to 0.58 | -0.29 | -0.75 to 0.18 |
| Depression score | ||||||||||
| Day 0 | 12.86 | 3.54 | 14.14 | 2.59 | -1.741 | 0.086 | -1.28 | -2.74 to 0.19 | -0.41 | -0.88 to 0.06 |
| Change at Week 8 | -1.35 | 3.15 | -0.80 | 3.35 | -0.720 | 0.474 | -0.55 | -2.08 to 0.98 | -0.17 | -0.63 to 0.29 |