TABLE 1.
Patient demographic and clinical characteristics
| Characteristics | Total (n = 6831; 100.0%) | Treated (n = 1122; 16.4%) | Untreated (n = 5709; 83.6%) | Treated vs. untreated p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean [SD]) | 60.1 (11.7) | 58.8 (11.9) | 60.3 (11.7) | <0.001 |
| Male sex (n [%]) | 4375 (64.1) | 762 (67.9) | 3613 (63.3) | 0.003 |
| Geographic region (n [%]) | ||||
| Northeast | 1767 (25.9) | 339 (30.2) | 1428 (25.0) | <0.001 |
| Midwest | 947 (13.9) | 125 (11.1) | 822 (14.4) | 0.004 |
| South | 2740 (40.1) | 414 (36.9) | 2326 (40.7) | 0.016 |
| West | 1375 (20.1) | 244 (21.8) | 1131 (19.8) | 0.139 |
| Other | 2 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) | 0.531 |
| MAPD insurance (n [%]) a | 2944 (43.1) | 401 (35.7) | 2543 (44.5) | <0.001 |
| Baseline Quan‐Charlson comorbidity score (mean [SD]) | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.4 (1.9) | 1.9 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Top 10 baseline AHRQ comorbidities (n [%]) b | ||||
| Hypertension | 3464 (50.7) | 521 (46.4) | 2943 (51.6) | 0.002 |
| Dyslipidemia | 3272 (47.9) | 510 (45.5) | 2762 (48.4) | 0.073 |
| Diseases of the heart c | 2424 (35.5) | 367 (32.7) | 2057 (36.0) | 0.457 |
| Diseases of the urinary system d | 2453 (35.9) | 399 (35.6) | 2054 (36.0) | 0.034 |
| Nontraumatic joint disorders | 2393 (35.0) | 313 (27.9) | 2080 (36.4) | 0.790 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2313 (33.9) | 361 (32.2) | 1952 (34.2) | <0.001 |
| Eye disorders | 2294 (33.6) | 378 (33.7) | 1916 (33.6) | 0.933 |
| Connective tissue disease other than SLE | 2272 (33.3) | 304 (27.1) | 1968 (34.5) | <0.001 |
| Lower respiratory disease e | 2154 (31.5) | 330 (29.4) | 1824 (32.0) | 0.094 |
| Spondylosis, intervertebral disc disorders, and other back problems | 2029 (29.7) | 279 (24.9) | 1750 (30.7) | <0.001 |
| Baseline surveillance (n [%]) f | ||||
| Any | 2957 (43.3) | 755 (67.3) | 2202 (38.6) | <0.001 |
| Ultrasound | 2270 (33.2) | 585 (52.1) | 1685 (29.5) | <0.001 |
| AFP | 2010 (29.4) | 600 (53.5) | 1410 (24.7) | <0.001 |
| MRI | 189 (2.8) | 55 (4.9) | 134 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| CT | 122 (1.8) | 28 (2.5) | 94 (1.7) | 0.050 |
| Gastroenterologist visit (n [%]) g | ||||
| Baseline | 2284 (33.4) | 627 (55.9) | 1657 (29.0) | <0.001 |
| Follow‐up | 2454 (35.9) | 706 (62.9) | 1748 (30.6) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: AHRQ, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; MAPD, Medicare Advantage with Part D, NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.
Patients without MAPD insurance were covered by commercial plans.
Top 10 most prevalent AHRQ comorbidities in the total population are shown, excluding liver disease and viral infection.
Includes valve disorders, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, angina, myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerosis, pulmonary heart disease, conduction disorders, dysrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation, and heart failure.
Includes renal failure; chronic kidney disease; urinary tract infections and kidney infections; and other diseases of the kidneys, bladder, and urethra.
Does not include lung disease due to external agents (e.g., environmental lung disease or lung conditions due to fumes or chemicals).
Not mutually exclusive; patients may have received more than one type of baseline surveillance.
Provider specialty was captured from claims with diagnosis codes for cirrhosis during the baseline and follow‐up periods. Patients could have received baseline or follow‐up care from more than one type of provider.