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. 2022 Oct 25;6(12):3393–3405. doi: 10.1002/hep4.2081

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© 2022 The Authors. Hepatology Communications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Association of BMI with all‐cause death, liver‐related death, cardiovascular disease, and cancers for the subjects with and without NAFLD in restricted cubic spline models. Multivariable adjusted HRs with 95% CI for the association of body mass index with (A) all‐cause death, (B) liver‐related death, (C) cardiovascular disease, (D) digestive system cancers, and (E) obesity‐related cancers in subjects (1) with NAFLD and (2) without NAFLD. The models were adjusted for sex, age groups, education level, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, central obesity, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, C‐reactive protein, and alanine transaminase. For all‐cause death: in subjects with NAFLD, overall association χ ² = 57.9, p < 0.001 and nonlinear association χ ² = 55.5, p < 0.001; in subjects without NAFLD, overall association χ ² = 55.5, p < 0.001 and nonlinear association χ ² = 26.7, p < 0.001. For liver‐related death: in subjects with NAFLD, overall association χ ² = 45.4, p < 0.001 and nonlinear association χ ² = 43.7, p < 0.001; in subjects without NAFLD, overall association χ ² = 51.4, p < 0.001 and nonlinear association χ ² = 20.7, p < 0.001. For cardiovascular disease: in subjects with NAFLD, overall association χ ² = 8.78, p = 0.012 and nonlinear association χ ² = 3.16, p = 0.08; in subjects without NAFLD, overall association χ ² = 19.02, p < 0.001 and nonlinear association χ ² = 8.71, p = 0.003. For digestive system cancers: in subjects with NAFLD, overall association χ ² = 1.86, p = 0.39 and nonlinear association χ ² = 1.33, p = 0.25; in subjects without NAFLD, overall association χ ² = 3.56, p = 0.17 and nonlinear association χ ² = 0.72, p = 0.39. For obesity‐related cancers: in subjects with NAFLD, overall association χ ² = 2.17, p = 0.34 and nonlinear association χ ² = 1.97, p = 0.16; in subjects without NAFLD, overall association χ ² = 5.23, p = 0.07 and nonlinear association χ ² = 1.15, p = 0.28. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.