TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| LNN (n = 19,605) | ONN (n = 31,105) | LN (n = 1543) | ON (n = 21,654) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 50.6 ± 14.3 | 51.9 ± 12.4 | 53.6 ± 11.4 | 52.8 ± 11.5 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 13,592 (69.3) | 24,165 (77.7) | 1158 (75.0) | 16,888 (78.0) | <0.001 |
| Education level | <0.001 | ||||
| Junior high school or below | 15,081 (77.0) | 25,588 (82.3) | 1272 (82.5) | 17,702 (81.8) | |
| Senior high school or higher | 4500 (23.0) | 5495 (17.7) | 269 (17.5) | 3940 (18.2) | |
| Current smoker | 5069 (25.9) | 7924 (25.5) | 399 (25.9) | 5554 (25.7) | 0.8272 |
| Drinker | 3996 (20.4) | 6776 (21.8) | 351 (22.7) | 4983 (23.0) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | <0.001 | ||||
| Inactive | 1513 (7.7) | 2309 (7.4) | 104 (6.8) | 1483 (6.9) | |
| Moderately active | 15,311 (78.2) | 23,903 (77.0) | 1246 (80.9) | 16,954 (78.4) | |
| Active | 2754 (14.1) | 4841 (15.6) | 190 (12.3) | 3186 (14.7) | |
| SBP, mm Hg | 123.0 ± 19.5 | 131.2 ± 20.7 | 132.4 ± 20.5 | 137.8 ± 21.1 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 78.6 ± 10.7 | 83.6 ± 11.3 | 83.8 ± 11.1 | 87.5 ± 11.8 | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 79.1 ± 8.9 | 87.7 ± 8.5 | 83.4 ± 8.2 | 92.8 ± 8.7 | <0.001 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 1.5 (1.1–2.3) | 1.8 (1.2–2.7) | <0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.8 (4.2–5.4) | 4.9 (4.3–5.5) | 5.1 (4.4–5.7) | 5.1 (4.4–5.8) | <0.001 |
| LDL‐C, mmol/L | 2.2 (1.7–2.7) | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | 2.2 (1.7–2.7) | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | <0.001 |
| HDL‐C, mmol/L | 1.6 (1.3–1.8) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | <0.001 |
| FBG, mmol/L | 5.0 (4.5–5.4) | 5.1 (4.7–5.6) | 5.2 (4.7–6.0) | 5.3 (4.8–6.2) | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) | 0.9 (0.3–2.6) | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 17.2 ± 19.4 | 19.1 ± 13.5 | 23.1 ± 17.4 | 25.8 ± 20.1 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 5383 (27.5) | 13,761 (44.2) | 721 (46.7) | 13,082 (60.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 982 (5.0) | 2337 (7.5) | 221 (14.3) | 3688 (17.0) | <0.001 |
Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or the number (%) of participants with a condition. Missing numbers for education level, smoking, physical activity, SBP, DBP, WC, TG, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, FBG, CRP, and ALT data were 60, 52, 113, 291, 291, 214, 75, 128, 55, 74, 531, and 164.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; CRP, C‐reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LN, lean NAFLD; LNN, lean non‐NAFLD; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ON, overweight/obese NAFLD; ONN, overweight/obese non‐NAFLD; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.