TABLE 2.
Associations between NAFLD and non‐NAFLD with death, cardiovascular disease, and cancers
| Outcomes | LNN | ONN | LN | ON |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All‐cause death | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.94 (0.89, 0.99) | 1.44 (1.26, 1.64) | 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) | 1.48 (1.29, 1.69) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.16) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.84 (0.80, 0.89) | 1.30 (1.14, 1.49) | 0.86 (0.80, 0.91) |
| Liver‐related death | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.27 (0.84, 1.92) | 2.60 (1.15, 5.88) | 0.94 (0.59, 1.51) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.27 (0.84, 1.93) | 2.67 (1.18, 6.03) | 0.96 (0.60, 1.55) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.10 (0.70, 1.74) | 2.61 (1.13, 6.03) | 0.74 (0.44, 1.26) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.40 (1.30, 1.50) | 1.28 (1.05, 1.57) | 1.96 (1.82, 2.12) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.40 (1.30, 1.51) | 1.30 (1.06, 1.59) | 1.99 (1.85, 2.15) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.19 (1.10, 1.28) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) | 1.39 (1.27, 1.52) |
| Digestive system cancers | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.16 (0.97, 1.39) | 2.22 (1.54, 3.20) | 1.23 (1.02, 1.48) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.16 (0.97, 1.39) | 2.21 (1.53, 3.19) | 1.23 (1.02, 1.48) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.19 (0.98, 1.43) | 2.12 (1.46, 3.08) | 1.23 (0.99, 1.54) |
| Obesity‐related cancers | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.21 (1.02, 1.43) | 2.11 (1.47, 3.04) | 1.31 (1.10, 1.57) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.21 (1.02, 1.44) | 2.11 (1.47, 3.04) | 1.32 (1.10, 1.58) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.21 (1.01, 1.46) | 2.04 (1.40, 2.96) | 1.30 (1.05, 1.61) |
Note: Data are presented as hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals). Model 1: adjusted for sex and age. Model 2: further adjusted for education level, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, and physical activity. Model 3: further adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, central obesity, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, C‐reactive protein, and alanine transaminase.
Abbreviations: LN, lean NAFLD; LNN, lean non‐NAFLD; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ON, overweight/obese NAFLD; ONN, overweight/obese non‐NAFLD.