TABLE 4.
Associations between NAFLD and non‐NAFLD type and site‐specific cancers
| Outcomes | LNN | ONN | LN | ON |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biliary cancer | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.67 (0.33, 1.35) | 1.64 (0.38, 7.10) | 0.84 (0.41, 1.74) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.65 (0.32, 1.31) | 1.64 (0.38, 7.12) | 0.82 (0.40, 1.70) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.61 (0.28, 1.35) | 1.74 (0.40, 7.53) | 0.73 (0.28, 1.90) |
| Liver cancer | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.00 (0.64, 1.56) | 1.57 (0.55, 4.45) | 1.03 (0.64, 1.66) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.01 (0.65, 1.57) | 1.58 (0.56, 4.46) | 1.04 (0.64, 1.68) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.87 (0.54, 1.42) | 1.46 (0.52, 4.09) | 0.77 (0.44, 1.34) |
| Colorectal cancer | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.36 (1.00, 1.86) | 2.32 (1.22, 4.43) | 1.61 (1.17, 2.23) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.36 (0.99, 1.86) | 2.29 (1.20, 4.38) | 1.59 (1.15, 2.20) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.38 (0.98, 1.93) | 2.20 (1.11, 4.34) | 1.65 (1.13, 2.41) |
| Kidney cancer a | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 2.27 (1.17, 4.40) | — | 3.41 (1.76, 6.58) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 2.30 (1.19, 4.45) | — | 3.46 (1.80, 6.68) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 2.10 (1.07, 4.13) | — | 3.28 (1.64, 6.56) |
| Esophagus cancer | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.10 (0.63, 1.92) | 7.01 (3.35, 14.69) | 0.88 (0.47, 1.65) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.11 (0.64, 1.94) | 6.98 (3.34, 14.59) | 0.89 (0.48, 1.67) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.18 (0.66, 2.11) | 6.46 (3.00, 13.92) | 1.02 (0.50, 2.06) |
| Gastric cancer | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.17 (0.81, 1.68) | 1.11 (0.40, 3.09) | 1.13 (0.76, 1.67) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.17 (0.81, 1.69) | 1.11 (0.40, 3.09) | 1.14 (0.77, 1.69) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.35 (0.91, 1.99) | 1.14 (0.41, 3.22) | 1.45 (0.89, 2.36) |
| Small intestine cancer a | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 2.77 (0.59, 12.89) | — | 4.78 (1.06, 21.63) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 2.74 (0.58, 12.96) | — | 4.74 (1.05, 21.46) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 3.28 (0.65, 16.43) | — | 6.23 (1.24, 31.21) |
| Pancreatic cancer | ||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.07 (0.62, 1.87) | 1.22 (0.28, 5.21) | 0.92 (0.50, 1.70) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.08 (0.62, 1.88) | 1.25 (0.29, 5.38) | 0.94 (0.51, 1.74) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.10 (0.60, 2.02) | 1.25 (0.28, 5.59) | 0.96 (0.46, 2.01) |
Note: Data are presented as hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals). Model 1: adjusted for sex and age. Model 2: further adjusted for education level, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, and physical activity. Model 3: further adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, central obesity, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, C‐reactive protein, and alanine transaminase.
Abbreviations: LN, lean NAFLD; LNN, lean non‐NAFLD; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ON, overweight/obese NAFLD; ONN, overweight/obese non‐NAFLD.
a
No small intestine cancer and kidney cancer cases in the lean NAFLD group.