TABLE 5.
Associations between the lean NAFLD group and death, cardiovascular disease, and cancers
| Outcomes | Lean non‐NAFLD (n = 19,605) | Lean NAFLD with hypertension (n = 721) | Lean NAFLD without hypertension (n = 822) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All‐cause death | |||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.77 (1.50, 2.09) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.33) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.81 (1.54, 2.14) | 1.10 (0.89, 1.36) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.62 (1.37, 1.92) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.29) |
| Liver‐related death | |||
| Model 1 | 1 | 2.91 (1.03, 8.22) | 2.28 (0.70, 7.43) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 2.99 (1.06, 8.46) | 2.33 (0.71, 7.62) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 2.92 (1.01, 8.42) | 2.28 (0.69, 7.56) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | |||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.46 (1.13, 1.90) | 1.09 (0.81, 1.48) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.49 (1.15, 1.93) | 1.11 (0.82, 1.50) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.31 (1.01, 1.70) | 1.00 (0.74, 1.36) |
| Digestive system cancers | |||
| Model 1 | 1 | 2.77 (1.78, 4.32) | 1.62 (0.90, 2.91) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 2.77 (1.78, 4.31) | 1.62 (0.90, 2.90) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 2.63 (1.67, 4.15) | 1.61 (0.89, 2.91) |
| Obesity‐related cancers | |||
| Model 1 | 1 | 2.66 (1.71, 4.14) | 1.54 (0.86, 2.75) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 2.66 (1.71, 4.14) | 1.53 (0.85, 2.75) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 2.56 (1.62, 4.03) | 1.54 (0.86, 2.78) |
Note: Data are presented as hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals). Model 1: adjusted for sex and age. Model 2: further adjusted for education level, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, and physical activity. Model 3: further adjusted for diabetes, central obesity, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, C‐reactive protein, and alanine transaminase.
Abbreviation: NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.