Comparison 6. Massage (foot and hand) plus analgesia versus analgesia.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
6.1 Pain	9		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
6.1.1 Up to 12 hours	6	651	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.03 [‐2.48, ‐1.59]
6.1.2 Up to 24 hours	3	230	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.51 [‐1.78, ‐1.24]
6.1.3 Up to 48 hours	2	80	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.86 [‐2.18, ‐1.54]
6.1.4 More than 48 up to 120 hours	2	120	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.09 [‐2.38, ‐1.79]
6.2 Adverse effects (anxiety)	2	266	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.45 [‐0.70, ‐0.19]
6.3 Heart rate	2	231	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.78 [‐4.28, 0.72]
6.4 Respiratory rate (breaths per minute)	2	231	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.52 [‐0.91, ‐0.12]
6.5 Systolic blood pressure	2	231	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.10 [‐4.83, 0.64]
6.6 Diastolic blood pressure	2	231	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.10 [‐2.09, 1.89]
6.7 Rescue analgesic requirement	2	236	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.19 [0.09, 0.41]
6.8 Breastfeeding	2	306	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.44, 0.95]