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. 2020 Sep 1;2020(9):CD011216. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011216.pub2

Comparison 12. TENS plus analgesia versus placebo plus analgesia.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
12.1 Pain ‐ up to one hour (VAS) 3   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
12.1.1 Up to one hour 3 238 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.10 [‐1.37, ‐0.82]
12.2 Pain ‐ 6, 12, 24 hours 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
12.2.1 Up to six hours 1 108 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐1.10 [‐1.34, ‐0.86]
12.2.2 Up to 12 hours 1 108 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐1.40 [‐1.58, ‐1.22]
12.2.3 Up to 24 hours 1 108 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.70 [‐0.87, ‐0.53]
12.3 Pain (NRS) 3   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
12.3.1 Up to one hour 2 134 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐2.26 [‐2.85, ‐1.67]
12.3.2 Up to 24 hours 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.94 [‐1.63, ‐0.24]
12.3.3 Up to 48 hours 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.90 [‐1.41, ‐0.40]
12.3.4 Up to 72 hours 1 18 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.37 [‐0.96, 0.22]
12.4 Heart rate 1 108 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐7.00 [‐7.63, ‐6.37]
12.5 Respiratory rate 1 108 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐1.10 [‐1.26, ‐0.94]
12.6 Systolic blood pressure [mm Hg] 1 108 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐4.00 [‐6.26, ‐1.74]
12.7 Diastolic blood pressure 1 108 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐4.00 [‐5.57, ‐2.43]
12.8 Rescue analgesic requirement (cumulative dose) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
12.8.1 Diclofenac 1 108 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐58.40 [‐67.11, ‐49.69]
12.9 Rescue analgesic requirement (patients after 8 hours) 1 100 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.79 [0.66, 0.94]
12.10 Rescue analgesic requirement (number of analgesic) 2 53 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.64 [‐1.01, ‐0.28]
12.10.1 Up to six hours 1 35 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.58 [‐1.00, ‐0.16]
12.10.2 Up to 24 hours 1 6 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.72 [‐1.99, 0.56]
12.10.3 Up to 48 hours 1 6 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.71 [‐2.37, 0.95]
12.10.4 Up to 72 hours 1 6 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.93 [‐1.97, 0.10]