Comparison 13. TENS plus analgesia versus analgesia.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
13.1 Pain (VAS) ‐ up to six hours	2	92	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.04 [‐0.37, 0.45]
13.1.1 Up to six hours	2	92	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.04 [‐0.37, 0.45]
13.2 Pain (VAS)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.2.1 Up to one hour	1	42	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	4.93 [‐1.47, 11.33]
13.2.2 Up to three hours	1	42	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.64 [‐8.80, 12.09]
13.2.3 Up to 12 hours	1	42	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	7.87 [‐1.77, 17.51]
13.2.4 Up to 24 hours	1	42	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.73 [‐11.57, 8.11]
13.3 Heart rate (bpm)	1	50	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.00 [‐6.51, 0.51]
13.4 Respiratory rate	1	50	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.00 [‐1.11, 1.11]
13.5 Systolic blood pressure [mm Hg]	1	50	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.00 [‐1.70, 5.70]
13.6 Diastolic blood pressure	1	50	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [‐1.99, 3.99]
13.7 Rescue analgesic requirement (cumulative dose)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.7.1 Dipyrone and Morphine up to four hours	2	92	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐487.55 [‐1463.19, 488.09]
13.7.2 Morphine up to 24 hours	1	42	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐16.90 [‐27.47, ‐6.33]