TABLE 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of the participants [Mean ± SD/n (%)].
| Characteristics | All (n = 3,859) | Not living alone (n = 3,277) | Living alone (n = 582) | P a |
| Social support | 66.84 ± 12.03 | 67.12 ± 11.68 | 65.22 ± 13.75 | 0.001 |
| Depression | 3.04 ± 3.83 | 2.90 ± 3.67 | 3.83 ± 4.54 | <0.001 |
| Gender | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 1,568 (40.60%) | 1,403 (42.80%) | 165 (28.40%) | |
| Female | 2,291 (59.40%) | 1,874 (57.20%) | 417 (71.60%) | |
| Age | <0.001 | |||
| 60∼69 | 2,271 (58.80%) | 2,055 (62.70%) | 216 (37.10%) | |
| 70∼79 | 1,370 (35.50%) | 1,088 (33.20%) | 282 (48.50%) | |
| ≥80 | 218 (5.60%) | 134 (4.10%) | 84 (14.40%) | |
| Residence | 0.118 | |||
| Rural | 2,781 (72.10%) | 2,346 (71.60%) | 435 (74.70%) | |
| Urban | 1,078 (27.90%) | 931 (28.40%) | 147 (25.30%) | |
| Education level | <0.001 | |||
| Illustrate/semi-illustrate | 1,707 (44.20%) | 1,371 (41.80%) | 336 (57.70%) | |
| Primary school | 830 (21.50%) | 707 (21.60%) | 123 (21.10%) | |
| Middle school | 836 (21.70%) | 756 (23.10%) | 80 (13.70%) | |
| High school and above | 486 (12.60%) | 443 (13.50%) | 43 (7.40%) | |
| Marital status | <0.001 | |||
| Married | 2,981 (77.20%) | 2,926 (89.30%) | 55 (9.50%) | |
| Others | 878 (22.80%) | 351 (10.70%) | 527 (90.50%) | |
| Employment status | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1,224 (31.70%) | 1,103 (33.70%) | 121 (20.80%) | |
| No | 2,635 (68.30%) | 2,174 (66.30%) | 461 (79.20%) | |
| Smoking | 0.05 | |||
| Yes | 588 (15.20%) | 515 (15.70%) | 73 (12.50%) | |
| No | 3,271 (84.40%) | 2,762 (84.30%) | 509 (87.50%) | |
| Drinking | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 857 (22.20%) | 765 (23.30%) | 92 (15.80%) | |
| No | 3,002 (77.80%) | 2,512 (76.70%) | 490 (84.20%) | |
| No. of chronic diseases | 0.928 | |||
| None | 1,013 (26.30%) | 882 (26.90%) | 131 (22.50%) | |
| 1 | 1,226 (31.80%) | 1,051 (32.10%) | 175 (30.10%) | |
| ≥2 | 1,620 (42.00%) | 1,344 (41.00%) | 276 (47.40%) | |
| Annual household income | <0.001 | |||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1,332 (34.50%) | 956 (29.20%) | 376 (64.60%) | |
| Q2 | 1,684 (43.60%) | 1,514 (46.20%) | 170 (29.20%) | |
| Q3 | 661 (17.10%) | 634 (19.30%) | 27 (4.60%) | |
| Q4 (highest) | 182 (4.70%) | 173 (5.30%) | 9 (1.50%) | |
| Self-reported health status | 0.125 | |||
| Good | 2,164 (56.10%) | 1,847 (56.40%) | 317 (54.50%) | |
| Fair | 1,205 (31.20%) | 1,029 (31.40%) | 176 (30.20%) | |
| Poor | 490 (12.70%) | 401 (12.20%) | 89 (15.30%) |
aUsed independent t-test and Chi-square test.