Table 2.
Daily food consumption according to quartile of the dietary and lifestyle inflammation score for the participants.
| Daily food consumption | Q1 (n = 65) (most anti-inflammatory) −2.94 to −0.89 |
Q2 (n = 66) −0.88 to −0.14 |
Q3 (n = 67) −0.13 to 0.58 |
Q4 (n = 65) (most pro-inflammatory) 0.6 to 3.09 |
P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal/d) | 2289 ± 90.3 | 2290 ± 89.0 | 2343 ± 88.2 | 2367 ± 91.9 | 0.909 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 323 ± 5.96 | 329 ± 5.88 | 335 ± 5.82 | 334 ± 6.07 | 0.465 |
| Protein (gr/d) | 94.1 ± 2.76 | 87.3 ± 2.72 | 85.9 ± 2.69 | 89.5 ± 2.81 | 0.160 |
| Total fat (g/d) | 79.4 ± 2.43 | 79.4 ± 2.40 | 76.6 ± 2.38 | 72.9 ± 2.48 | 0.204 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 17.5 ± 0.51 | 16.7 ± 0.51 | 15.8 ± 0.50 | 13.1 ± 0.52 | < 0.001 |
| PUFA (g/d) | 16.8.0 ± 0.93 | 17.1 ± 0.92 | 16.5 ± 0.91 | 14.9 ± 0.95 | 0.403 |
| MUFA (g/d | 23.6 ± 0.97 | 23.6 ± 0.96 | 22.9 ± 0.95 | 22.0 ± 0.99 | 0.619 |
| Leafy greens and cruciferous vegetables (g/d) | 28.5 ± 2.56 | 30.1 ± 2.52 | 25.8 ± 2.50 | 20.6 ± 2.61 | 0.061 |
| Tomatoes (g/d) | 28.4 ± 2.21 | 24.7 ± 2.18 | 18.3 ± 2.16 | 15.7 ± 2.25 | < 0.001 |
| Apples and berries (g/d) | 37.0 ± 2.92 | 26.1 ± 2.88 | 24.5 ± 2.86 | 15.18 ± 2.98 | < 0.001 |
| Deep yellow or orange vegetables and fruit (g/d) | 50.6 ± 4.17 | 43.9 ± 4.11 | 37.7 ± 4.07 | 17.9 ± 4.25 | < 0.001 |
| Other fruits and real fruit juices (g/d) | 245 ± 12.8 | 197 ± 12.6 | 184 ± 12.5 | 121 ± 13.0 | < 0.001 |
| Other vegetables (g/d) | 74.4 ± 4.93 | 73.3 ± 4.86 | 65.8 ± 4.82 | 50.8 ± 5.02 | 0.004 |
| Legumes (g/d) | 68.1 ± 5.43 | 58.1 ± 5.36 | 52.5 ± 5.31 | 55.3 ± 5.54 | 0.202 |
| Fish (g/d) | 0.483 ± 0.21 | 0.82 ± 0.20 | 0.381 ± 0.20 | 0.42 ± 0.21 | 0.417 |
| Poultry (g/d) | 1.16 ± 0.21 | 0.75 ± 0.21 | 0.61 ± 0.21 | 0.61 ± 0.21 | 0.279 |
| Red and organ meats (g/d) | 295 ± 28.7 | 247 ± 28.3 | 248 ± 28.0 | 262 ± 29.2 | 0.618 |
| Processed meats (g/d) | 37.6 ± 4.68 | 33.8 ± 4.61 | 29.6 ± 4.57 | 31.2 ± 4.76 | 0.645 |
| Added sugars (g/d) | 533 ± 52.7 | 709 ± 52.0 | 636 ± 51.5 | 973 ± 53.7 | < 0.001 |
| High-fat dairy (g/d) | 209 ± 21.6 | 235 ± 20.8 | 221 ± 20.6 | 228 ± 21.5 | 0.841 |
| Low-fat dairy (g/d) | 20.3 ± 2.88 | 18.0 ± 2.84 | 17.1 ± 2.82 | 18.9 ± 2.94 | 0.877 |
| Coffee and tea (g/d) | 7.33 ± 0.91 | 5.65 ± 0.89 | 6.59 ± 0.88 | 3.88 ± 0.92 | 0.054 |
| Nuts (g/d) | 27.4 ± 2.38 | 20.7 ± 2.35 | 14.4 ± 2.33 | 12.9 ± 2.43 | < 0.001 |
| Other fats (g/d) | 18.7 ± 2.24 | 21.7 ± 2.21 | 20.6 ± 2.19 | 12.7 ± 2.28 | 0.029 |
| Refined grains and starchy vegetables (g/d) | 428 + 22.2 | 474 + 21.9 | 529 + 21.7 | 624 + 22.6 | < 0.001 |
Q, quartile.
Data are expressed as mean ± SE.
* Obtained from ANCOVA test. Energy intake is adjusted for age and sex, all other values are adjusted for age, sex, and energy intake.