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. 2022 Oct 12;36(11):e24726. doi: 10.1002/jcla.24726

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© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Proposed possible pathogenesis of MDA5⁺DM‐ILD and summary of blood‐based biomarkers for MDA5⁺DM, MDA5⁺DM‐ILD, and MDA5⁺DM‐RPILD. The potential pathogenesis of MDA5⁺DM‐ILD is presented both on the left (mainly) and right. Blood biomarkers related to MDA5⁺DM, MDA5⁺DM‐ILD, and MDA5⁺DM‐RPILD are on the right. Bold red and blue texts represent upregulated and downregulated biomarkers, respectively. CCL22, C‐C motif ligand 22; cfDNA, cell‐free DNA; CYFRA21‐1, cytokeratin‐19 fragment; DM, dermatomyositis; HNE‐DNA, human neutrophil elastase‐DNA; IFN, interferon; IL‐15, interleukin 15; ILD, interstitial lung disease; KL‐6, krebs von den Lungen‐6; MDA5, melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5; miR, microRNA; MPO‐DNA, myeloperoxidase‐DNA; NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps; sCD206, soluble CD206; TFH, T follicular helper; YKL‐40, chitinase‐3‐like‐1 protein.