Table 1.

Modifications to TMS approach to minimize complications

1. J-shaped small palatal incision

2. Limit of cheek flap elevation defined with infraorbital foramen as landmark

3. Limits of orbital floor periosteal elevation defined along maxilla-ethmoidal suture and inferior orbital fissure

4. Periosteal incision 5 mm below inferior orbital margin

5. Zygomatic osteotomy in line with inferior orbital fissure

6. Osteotomy of frontal process of maxilla in line with maxillo-ethmoidal suture

7. Different incision planes of three layers during palatal osteotomy

8. Vertical slitting on medial aspect of lacrimal sac

9. Three-person maneuver and sequential plating during maxillary repositioning