Fluphenazine 1980.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomisation: random 2:1, no further details. Allocation: procedure not described. Blinding: double‐blind, no further details. Duration: 15 weeks. Design: parallel. Location: four hospitals. Setting: outpatient.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia (DSM‐II). N = 67. Gender: 34 men, 33 women. Age: mean 31.7 years. History: duration stable‐ continuously and successfully treated for one year, duration ill‐ n.i., number of previous hospitalisations‐ n.i., age at onset‐ n.i., severity of illness‐ n.i., baseline antipsychotic dose‐ oral fluphenazine mean 24.4 mg/day, depot fluphenazine 30.9 mg/3 weeks.
Interventions	1. Drug: oral fluphenazine (n = 6) or depot fluphenazine (n = 11). Fixed/flexible dose: unclear. Allowed dose range: unclear. Mean dose: unclear. N = 17. 2. Placebo: duration of taper: 0 days. N = 50. Rescue medication: n.i., but antipsychotics were probably not allowed.
Outcomes	Examined Relapse: rehospitalisation or deterioration in clinical condition which could not be managed within protocol limits (e.g. increased psychological support or adjustment of dosage). Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia (AIMS).
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Random 2:1, no further details.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Procedure not described.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Double‐blind, no further details.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Subjective outcomes	Unclear risk	Double‐blind, no further details.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Objective outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind, no further details.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	It is unclear whether there were participants who left the study early.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No evidence for selective reporting.
Other bias	Low risk	No clear evidence for other bias.