Figure 1.

The phyologentic position of E. pubescens from Timetree website and the geographical distributions of Epimedium and E. pubescens in China. (A) Timetree of selected taxonomic groups in angiosperm. Whole Genome Duplication (WGD) events (red oval) and Whole Genome Triplication (WGT-γ) events (yellow oval) were shown on the Timetree; the divergence times among different taxonomic groups on the phylogenetic tree were predicted by Timetree online services (http://www.timetree.org/); hierarchy classifications of taxonomic groups was highlighted with different colors on the right of Timetree, based on Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV (APG IV). (B) Geographical distributions of Epimedium and E. pubescens in China. The purple line delimited the border of China, the light blue line delimited the border of Chinese coast. The geographical distributed area of Epimeidum was highlighted in cyan color on the map of China; the distribution areas of E. pubescens were indicated with purple triangles and split into two groups circled with red and green dash lines respectively (the geographical locations were provided in Table S2 and sampling details were described in Supplemental Information ). Two E. pubescens groups possessed different morphological features, including flowers, young leaves, and whole plants.