Fig. 9. L-Methionine inhibits HNE accumulation and depresses inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation and up-regulating GST.

Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; GST, glutathione S-transferase; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 kinase; AKT, protein kinase B; HNE, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; IκBα, inhibitory κBα; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; TNF-α, tumor necrotic factor alpha; IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase.