Table 3.

Chest manifestation of different image modalities tools

Image modality	Characteristic signs
X-ray	• They typically damage the lungs' peripheral and lower lobes • Despite the fact that separate COVID-19 X-ray tests cover a small number of individuals, a comparable set of data is emerging [102–105] oGround-glass opacity (GGO) oConfluent consolidation oPeripheral lung opacity (PLO) oReticular opacity
CT	The CT image of the COVID-19 patient identified a number of distinguishing features [106]. Some of the most important discoveries are as follows: • Ground-glass opacities: GGO are characterized by a small increase in lung attenuation, resulting in semi-transparent lungs that do not obscure underneath vascular systems. It is the most common and early discovery, independent of illness stage [85, 107] • Consolidations: It is characterized by lung attenuation, which distorts arteries and airways. The second most common pattern is acquisitions with varying ground-glass opacities. [108] • Crazy paving pattern: Linear trends are caused by interlobular septa thickening overlapping with underlying ground-glass patterns. Alveolar edema and acute interstitial inflammation are to blame. These signs indicate worsening conditions [85, 108, 109] • Peripheral reticulation: The reticular form was described as a collection of numerous tiny linear opacities on CT images caused by thickened pulmonary interstitial tissues, interlobular septa and intralobular lines [108]. Interstitial lymphocyte infiltration, which causes interlobular septal expansion, may be linked to the creation of this pattern [110]
MRI	S. Klironomos et al. [111] finding abnormalities of patients from MRI. Major abnormalities that they found are as follows: • Susceptibility weighted imaging abnormalities are the most common MRI finding with corpus callosum • White matter changes significantly confluent and Juxtacortical white matter • Prominent subarachnoid spaces around the optic nerves
Ultrasound	Subpleural, consolidations, and bronchograms with bilateral diffuse B-lines, inconsistent pleural line, and punctate defects [112–115]